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Netflix·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

Netflix system design round, one question the whole time. They wanted a full implementation of a command executor with undo support, plus a design discussion about extending it. Pretty deep for a single question but I actually liked the format.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design and implement a class that supports executing commands and undoing the most recent one. How would you extend it to support redo, grouped/transactional commands, and commands that can't be undone?

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew the Command pattern going in but I still fumbled the undo stack explanation at first.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by defining a Command interface with execute and undo methods, then implement a basic invoker that maintains a history stack for undo. For extensions, discuss adding a redo stack, a composite command for grouping, and a marker interface or exception for non-undoable commands, emphasizing trade-offs like memory vs. functionality.

Pro tip: At Netflix, reliability and scalability matter: mention that you'd consider memory management for history stacks (e.g., limiting size or using persistent storage) and idempotency for non-undoable commands to avoid inconsistent states.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about expected command types, undo/redo depth, concurrency needs, and whether commands can be non-undoable. This shows you think about real-world usage before designing.

2. Design core Command pattern

Define a Command interface with execute() and undo() methods. Implement a simple invoker that stores executed commands in a stack for undo.

3. Extend for redo

Add a redo stack: when undoing, push the command onto the redo stack; when redoing, pop from redo and execute. Clear redo stack on new command execution.

4. Support grouped/transactional commands

Introduce a CompositeCommand that holds a list of commands and executes/undoes them in sequence. Ensure atomicity by rolling back on failure if needed.

5. Handle non-undoable commands

Use a marker interface (e.g., NonUndoableCommand) or throw an exception on undo. Discuss strategies like logging, compensating actions, or preventing undo for such commands.

Key Points to Mention

  • Command pattern with execute/undo methods
  • History stack for undo, separate redo stack for redo
  • Composite pattern for grouped/transactional commands
  • Marker interface or exception for non-undoable commands
  • Memory management: limiting history size or using persistent storage
  • Thread safety and concurrency considerations for shared command history

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.