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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round with one question about friend-based product recommendations. Pretty straightforward graph/set traversal problem but the data structure setup took me a minute to parse.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a user object that contains a list of friends (each also a user object with purchases) and a list of the user's own purchases, write a function that returns the names of products bought by at least one friend but not by the user.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

The core logic isn't hard once you see it: collect all product IDs from friends' purchases into a set, subtract the user's own purchases, then map the remaining IDs to product names.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the data structures and edge cases, then propose an efficient set-based solution. Build a set of the user's purchased product names, iterate through each friend's purchases, and collect product names not in the user's set. Return the resulting set or list, ensuring uniqueness.

Pro tip: Mention that using a hash set for the user's purchases gives O(1) lookups, making the overall solution O(total friend purchases) time, which is optimal. Also, discuss how you would handle duplicates and null/empty inputs to show production-level thinking.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input format, expected output (set vs list), handling of duplicates, null/empty friends or purchases, and whether product names are case-sensitive.

2. Design the algorithm

Propose using a hash set to store the user's purchased product names for O(1) membership checks. Then iterate through each friend's purchases and collect names not in the set.

3. Analyze complexity

State that the time complexity is O(P_user + P_friends) where P is the number of purchases, and space complexity is O(P_user + K) for the set and result, with K being the number of unique friend-only products.

4. Handle edge cases

Discuss handling of empty friends list, empty purchases, duplicate product names across friends, and null values. Ensure the result contains unique product names.

5. Write clean code and test

Implement the function with clear variable names and comments. Walk through a small example to verify correctness, including edge cases.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash set for O(1) lookups of the user's purchases.
  • Iterate through each friend's purchases and check against the set.
  • Collect results in a set to avoid duplicates, then convert to list if needed.
  • Time complexity: O(total number of purchases across user and friends).
  • Space complexity: O(number of user's purchases + number of unique friend-only products).
  • Edge cases: empty friends list, empty purchases, duplicate product names, null inputs.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.