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Google·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Interviewed at Google for a software engineering role and got a cipher/decryption style coding problem. Not a lot of context to share but it was a technical phone screen format.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an encrypted message and a shift key, decrypt the message by reversing the character substitution.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Classic Caesar cipher type problem.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the encryption scheme (e.g., Caesar cipher) and edge cases, then implement decryption by shifting each character backward by the key. Discuss time and space complexity and consider optimizations like handling large keys with modulo.

Pro tip: Demonstrate thoroughness by asking about the character set (e.g., only lowercase letters) and whether the shift can be negative or larger than the alphabet size, showing attention to detail and robustness.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask questions to confirm the encryption method, character set, and constraints (e.g., shift range, case sensitivity).

2. Outline the approach

Explain that decryption reverses the shift: for each character, compute its original position by subtracting the key, handling wrap-around with modulo.

3. Handle edge cases

Discuss how to handle non-alphabetic characters, negative shifts, and keys larger than the alphabet size (using modulo).

4. Implement and test

Write clean code (or pseudocode) and walk through examples, including edge cases, to verify correctness.

5. Analyze complexity

State that the solution is O(n) time and O(1) extra space (if modifying in place) or O(n) space for the output string.

Key Points to Mention

  • Modulo arithmetic for wrap-around (e.g., (char - 'a' - key + 26) % 26)
  • Time complexity O(n) and space complexity O(1) or O(n)
  • Handling uppercase and lowercase letters separately
  • Preserving non-alphabetic characters
  • Edge cases: empty string, key = 0, key > 26, negative key
  • Possible optimizations: precompute shift, use StringBuilder for efficiency

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.