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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Amazon coding round for a software engineer role, just one problem the whole session. Classic grid traversal question, nothing too exotic, but the pressure of doing it live is a different beast.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an m×n grid of characters, determine whether a given word can be found by following a path of sequentially adjacent cells (horizontally or vertically neighboring), where each cell can only be used once.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Knew it was backtracking pretty fast, which was a relief.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use a depth-first search (DFS) with backtracking to explore all possible paths from each cell that matches the first character of the word. Mark cells as visited during the search and unmark them when backtracking to allow reuse in other paths. Return true if any path matches the entire word.

Pro tip: Before coding, clarify edge cases like empty grid, empty word, and whether the word can be longer than the total cells. Also, mention that you can optimize by checking if the word length exceeds the number of cells, and by pruning searches early if the remaining characters cannot be matched.

1. Understand the problem and constraints

Restate the problem to ensure clarity: you need to find a path of adjacent cells (up, down, left, right) that spells the word, without reusing any cell. Discuss edge cases and constraints (e.g., grid dimensions, word length).

2. Choose the algorithm

Select DFS with backtracking as the core approach. Explain why it's suitable: it explores all possible paths and backtracks when a path fails, ensuring no cell is reused within a single path.

3. Outline the DFS implementation

Describe the DFS function: parameters (grid, word, current index, row, col, visited set). Base case: if index equals word length, return true. Check boundaries, character match, and visited status. Mark cell as visited, recurse in four directions, then unmark.

4. Iterate over all starting points

Loop through each cell in the grid; if the cell matches the first character of the word, start DFS from there. If any DFS returns true, return true immediately.

5. Analyze complexity and optimizations

Discuss time complexity: O(m*n*4^L) where L is word length, and space complexity O(L) for recursion stack. Mention optimizations like early termination if word length > m*n, and using a visited matrix instead of a set for efficiency.

Key Points to Mention

  • Depth-first search (DFS) with backtracking
  • Marking cells as visited and unmarking during backtracking
  • Checking boundaries and character match before recursing
  • Iterating over all cells as potential starting points
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: empty grid, empty word, word longer than grid cells

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.