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Google·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

Google SWE system design round. One question, pretty classic high-scale scenario but the specifics made it tricky to nail down cleanly.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

How would you design a ticketing platform's backend to handle massive concurrent traffic when a popular event goes on sale?

System DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

I jumped straight to a queue-based approach and started talking about rate limiting before I'd even scoped the problem properly.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and scale (e.g., expected traffic, ticket inventory, fairness guarantees), then outline a high-level architecture that separates read and write paths, uses queues for asynchronous processing, and employs caching and rate limiting. Finally, dive into trade-offs around consistency, availability, and cost, and propose a phased rollout with monitoring.

Pro tip: Emphasize the importance of idempotency and exactly-once processing in payment and ticket allocation to prevent double-selling, and discuss how you'd handle failures gracefully with retries and dead-letter queues.

1. Clarify Requirements and Scale

Ask questions to understand expected concurrent users, ticket inventory size, fairness requirements, and budget constraints. Define functional and non-functional requirements.

2. High-Level Architecture

Propose a microservices-based architecture with separate services for inventory, orders, payments, and notifications. Use a load balancer, API gateway, and CDN for static content.

3. Handle Concurrency and Consistency

Discuss strategies like optimistic locking, distributed locks, or queue-based serialization to manage ticket inventory. Ensure idempotent operations and use a database with strong consistency for critical writes.

4. Scalability and Performance

Explain how to scale horizontally with stateless services, use caching (e.g., Redis) for hot data, and implement rate limiting and throttling to protect the system.

5. Reliability and Monitoring

Describe failover mechanisms, retries with exponential backoff, circuit breakers, and comprehensive monitoring/alerting. Plan for load testing and gradual rollout.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of message queues (e.g., Kafka, Pub/Sub) to decouple services and handle spikes asynchronously.
  • Database sharding or partitioning to distribute load, and choosing between SQL and NoSQL based on consistency needs.
  • Caching strategies (e.g., Redis) for ticket availability and user sessions to reduce database load.
  • Rate limiting and bot detection to prevent abuse and ensure fair access.
  • Idempotency keys for payment and order processing to avoid duplicate charges or ticket allocations.
  • Trade-offs between consistency and availability (CAP theorem) and how to handle eventual consistency in non-critical paths.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.