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Apple·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Apple SWE interview with a data-grouping problem that started simple and kept getting harder. The follow-up on integer-range optimization was the part that really tested whether you understood the tradeoffs or were just pattern-matching.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a list of (student_id, score) records, return the top three scores per student in descending order. Walk through a general solution first, then optimize for the case where scores are guaranteed integers between 0 and 100. Cover complexity, tie handling, and students with fewer than three scores.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The general case I handled fine, grouped by student id, sorted each group descending, sliced the top three.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem: group records by student, sort each group's scores descending, and take the top three. For the general case, use a hash map to group and a min-heap of size 3 per student (or sort each group). For the optimized case with integer scores 0-100, use counting sort or a fixed-size array per student to achieve O(n) time.

Pro tip: Explicitly discuss tie handling (e.g., if multiple students have the same score, keep all or pick arbitrarily) and how to handle students with fewer than three scores (return all available). Also, mention that the optimized solution uses O(1) extra space per student due to the bounded score range.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about tie-breaking rules, output format (e.g., list of scores per student), and whether students with fewer than three scores should be included. Confirm that scores are integers between 0 and 100 for the optimized case.

2. General approach: group and sort

Use a hash map to group scores by student_id. For each student, sort the scores in descending order and take the first three. Complexity: O(n log n) time due to sorting, O(n) space.

3. Optimize with bounded scores

Since scores are integers 0-100, use a fixed-size array (size 101) per student to count occurrences. Then iterate from 100 down to 0, collecting scores until three are found. This yields O(n) time and O(1) extra space per student (or O(k) for k students).

4. Handle ties and fewer than three scores

If ties occur, decide whether to include all tied scores or limit to three. For students with fewer than three scores, return all their scores in descending order. Ensure the output format is clear.

5. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Compare the general and optimized solutions: the general approach is simpler but O(n log n); the optimized approach is O(n) but uses more memory per student (though bounded). Discuss when each is preferable.

Key Points to Mention

  • Grouping by student_id using a hash map.
  • Sorting each group descending and taking top three (general case).
  • Using counting sort or fixed-size array for scores 0-100 to achieve O(n) time.
  • Tie handling: whether to include all tied scores or arbitrarily pick three.
  • Handling students with fewer than three scores by returning all available.
  • Complexity analysis: O(n log n) vs O(n) time, and space considerations.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.