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Perplexity·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediateRejected
Jun 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineering role at Perplexity and got a coding question about building an in-memory Unix file system. Had a bug I couldn't track down in time and got rejected two days later.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design and implement an in-memory Unix file system supporting commands like touch, mkdir, ls, rm, and rmdir.

System DesignAlgorithms & Data StructuresData Modeling
Author's notes

Went with a tree structure which felt like the obvious call.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then design a tree-based data structure with nodes representing files and directories. Implement the core operations (touch, mkdir, ls, rm, rmdir) with careful handling of edge cases like duplicate names, non-empty directories, and path resolution.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a hash map for children to achieve O(1) lookup, and discuss how to handle concurrent access if the file system needs to be thread-safe. This shows awareness of performance and real-world concerns.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about expected operations, path formats (absolute vs relative), error handling, and whether concurrency or persistence is needed. This ensures you build the right abstraction.

2. Design Data Structures

Propose a Node class with attributes like name, isDirectory, children (map), and parent pointer. Explain how this tree structure models the Unix file system hierarchy.

3. Implement Core Operations

Walk through the implementation of each command: touch (create file), mkdir (create directory), ls (list children), rm (delete file), rmdir (delete empty directory). Highlight path traversal and error cases.

4. Handle Edge Cases and Errors

Discuss scenarios like creating a file in a non-existent directory, removing a non-empty directory, duplicate names, and invalid paths. Explain how to return appropriate errors.

5. Optimize and Extend

Mention potential optimizations (e.g., caching, lazy deletion) and extensions (e.g., permissions, symbolic links, concurrency control) to show depth.

Key Points to Mention

  • Tree data structure with nodes for files and directories
  • Hash map for children to enable O(1) lookup by name
  • Path resolution: splitting paths by '/' and traversing from root or current directory
  • Error handling: duplicate names, non-existent paths, non-empty directory removal
  • Time complexity: O(depth) for most operations due to path traversal
  • Concurrency considerations: locking mechanisms for thread safety

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.