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Openai·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Apr 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a Research Engineer role at OpenAI and got hit with a classic systems design problem dressed up as a coding question. The text buffer problem sounds deceptively simple until you're actually trying to justify your data structure choices out loud.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a data structure for a text buffer that supports insert at a position, delete over a range, and retrieving the full text. Walk through the time complexity of your chosen approach.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

I went with a list of characters in Python because I knew a rope implementation would take forever to code under pressure.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then propose a balanced binary search tree (e.g., a rope or implicit treap) that supports efficient insertions and deletions. Walk through the time complexities for each operation, and discuss trade-offs with simpler approaches like arrays or linked lists.

Pro tip: Mention that real-world text editors often use piece tables or gap buffers, and explain why you might choose one over a tree for specific use cases. This shows practical awareness beyond textbook data structures.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about expected text size, frequency of operations, and whether concurrent access is needed. This ensures your solution aligns with the actual use case.

2. Propose a data structure

Suggest a balanced BST like a rope or implicit treap, where each node represents a substring and stores the size of its subtree. This allows efficient splits and merges.

3. Explain operations and time complexity

Detail how insert and delete are implemented via split and merge, achieving O(log n) time. Retrieving the full text is O(n) by in-order traversal.

4. Discuss trade-offs and alternatives

Compare with arrays (O(n) insert/delete), linked lists (O(n) search), and gap buffers (amortized O(1) for local edits but O(n) for random access). Highlight when each is preferable.

5. Summarize and conclude

Reiterate the chosen approach's strengths and acknowledge any limitations, such as memory overhead or implementation complexity.

Key Points to Mention

  • Balanced binary search tree (e.g., rope, implicit treap) with subtree sizes
  • Split and merge operations for insert and delete in O(log n) time
  • In-order traversal for retrieving full text in O(n) time
  • Trade-offs: arrays have O(n) insert/delete but O(1) access; gap buffers are efficient for local edits
  • Real-world editors use piece tables or gap buffers for performance
  • Memory overhead and implementation complexity of tree-based structures

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.