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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round, one question the whole time. Pretty focused session, they wanted both a working solution and a complexity breakdown so it wasn't just about getting the answer.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a sorted (non-decreasing) integer array and a target value, return all unique index pairs (i, j) where i < j and the two elements sum to the target. Duplicates should not produce repeated pairs. Walk through your approach and analyze the time and space complexity.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Two pointers was the right call and I knew it immediately, but I fumbled the duplicate-skipping logic for a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use a two-pointer technique starting from both ends of the sorted array, moving inward based on the sum compared to the target. To avoid duplicate pairs, skip over duplicate values when moving the pointers after finding a valid pair. This yields O(n) time and O(1) extra space (excluding output).

Pro tip: Explicitly discuss how you handle duplicates to ensure unique pairs, and mention that the output size can be O(n^2) in the worst case, so space complexity should consider the output.

1. Clarify and Restate

Confirm the problem: sorted array, unique index pairs (i, j) with i < j, sum equals target, no duplicate pairs. Ask if the array can contain duplicates and if the output should be sorted.

2. Choose Two-Pointer Approach

Explain that since the array is sorted, two pointers from both ends can efficiently find pairs. Compare the sum of elements at left and right pointers to the target and move pointers accordingly.

3. Handle Duplicates

When a valid pair is found, add it to the result, then skip all duplicate values on both sides to avoid repeating the same pair. Also, skip duplicates when moving pointers even if no pair is found.

4. Analyze Complexity

Time complexity: O(n) because each element is visited at most once by each pointer. Space complexity: O(1) extra space, but the output list can take O(n^2) space in the worst case (e.g., many pairs).

5. Test with Edge Cases

Walk through examples: no pairs, all pairs, duplicates, negative numbers. Verify that duplicates are handled correctly and that indices are unique.

Key Points to Mention

  • Two-pointer technique leverages sorted order for O(n) time.
  • Duplicate handling: skip identical values after finding a pair and when moving pointers.
  • Time complexity: O(n) where n is the array length.
  • Space complexity: O(1) auxiliary space, but output may be O(n^2).
  • Edge cases: empty array, single element, no solution, all elements same.
  • Alternative approaches: hash map (O(n) time, O(n) space) but two-pointer is more space-efficient.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.