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Google·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Google SWE coding round, one algorithmic problem the whole session. The problem looked approachable at first glance but the edge cases around negatives and repeated values made it messier than I expected.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array (which may contain duplicates and negative values), determine whether you can remove exactly one element such that the remaining array has a valid pivot index. A pivot index is one where the sum of elements to its left equals the sum to its right.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was brute force: try removing each index, recompute prefix sums, check for a pivot.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the problem constraints and edge cases, then propose an efficient solution using prefix sums to track left and right sums. Explain how to handle the removal of exactly one element by checking if removing an element can make the remaining array have a pivot index, possibly using a modified prefix sum approach.

Pro tip: Mention that you would test with arrays containing duplicates and negative numbers, as they can break naive assumptions about monotonicity. Also, discuss the time and space complexity trade-offs between a brute-force O(n^2) approach and an optimized O(n) solution.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask clarifying questions: Does the pivot index refer to the original array after removal? Can the pivot be at the first or last position? What if multiple removals yield a valid pivot? Confirm that exactly one element must be removed.

2. Brute-force approach

For each element, remove it and check if the remaining array has a pivot index by computing left and right sums for each possible pivot. This is O(n^2) time and O(1) extra space, but may be too slow for large inputs.

3. Optimized approach with prefix sums

Compute total sum. For each index i, consider removing element i. The remaining array has sum total - arr[i]. Then check if there exists a pivot index j in the remaining array such that left sum equals right sum. Use prefix sums to check in O(1) per candidate.

4. Handle edge cases

Consider arrays of length 1 or 2, all negative numbers, duplicates, and cases where the pivot is at the boundary. Ensure the removal index is not the same as the pivot index in the remaining array.

5. Analyze complexity and test

State time complexity O(n) and space O(n) for prefix sums, or O(1) if using running sums. Walk through a few examples to verify correctness.

Key Points to Mention

  • Prefix sums for efficient left and right sum calculations
  • Handling negative numbers and duplicates
  • Edge cases: array length 1, 2, pivot at boundaries
  • Time and space complexity trade-offs
  • Exactly one element removal requirement
  • Potential for multiple valid pivots after removal

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.