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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Got an Amazon SWE coding round with a word break problem. Pretty classic backtracking/DP territory but the 'return all sentences' variant tripped me up a bit compared to the simpler yes/no version.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a string and a word dictionary, insert spaces into the string to form all possible valid sentences where every word exists in the dictionary. Words can be reused. Return all valid sentences.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was pure recursion and I coded it up fine for small inputs, but I hadn't thought about the overlapping subproblems until I was almost done.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use backtracking to explore all possible segmentations of the string, checking at each step if the current prefix is a valid word in the dictionary. To optimize, precompute the dictionary as a hash set for O(1) lookups and consider memoization to avoid redundant computations on overlapping subproblems.

Pro tip: Discuss the trade-offs between backtracking with memoization and dynamic programming, and mention how to handle large inputs by pruning invalid paths early. Also, clarify with the interviewer whether the output should be sorted or if duplicates are possible.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Confirm input constraints, output format, and whether words can be reused. Discuss edge cases like empty string, empty dictionary, and strings with no valid segmentation.

2. Choose the right algorithm

Decide between backtracking, dynamic programming, or a trie-based approach. Explain why backtracking with memoization is suitable for generating all valid sentences.

3. Implement the solution

Write code that recursively tries all possible prefixes, checks if they are in the dictionary, and builds sentences. Use memoization to cache results for substrings to avoid recomputation.

4. Analyze complexity and optimize

Discuss time and space complexity, and suggest optimizations like using a trie for prefix matching or pruning branches when no words match.

5. Test and validate

Walk through examples, including edge cases, to ensure correctness. Verify that all valid sentences are generated without duplicates.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash set for O(1) dictionary lookups.
  • Apply backtracking to explore all possible segmentations.
  • Incorporate memoization to cache results for substrings and avoid redundant work.
  • Consider using a trie for efficient prefix matching, especially for large dictionaries.
  • Analyze time complexity: O(2^n) in the worst case without memoization, but can be improved with DP.
  • Handle edge cases such as empty string, empty dictionary, and strings with no valid segmentation.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.