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Two Sigma·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Two Sigma Quant Engineer interview with a classic algorithmic problem. Nothing too wild but the greedy angle is easy to miss if you're not warmed up.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of non-negative integers where each value represents the furthest you can jump from that index, can you determine whether it's possible to reach the last index starting from index 0?

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was BFS and I started coding it up before realizing that's way heavier than needed.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem and edge cases, then propose a greedy algorithm that tracks the furthest reachable index. Explain how you can determine reachability in a single pass, and optionally mention a dynamic programming alternative for comparison.

Pro tip: Emphasize the greedy approach's O(n) time and O(1) space efficiency, and discuss how you would handle edge cases like empty arrays or zero jumps. This shows you consider both optimality and robustness.

1. Clarify the problem

Confirm that the array contains non-negative integers, that you start at index 0, and that you need to determine if the last index is reachable. Ask about edge cases such as empty array or single element.

2. Define reachability

Explain that at any index i, you can jump to any index up to i + nums[i]. The goal is to see if you can extend your reach to or beyond the last index.

3. Propose a greedy strategy

Iterate through the array while maintaining the maximum reachable index. If the current index exceeds the maximum reachable, return false; otherwise, update the maximum reachable with i + nums[i].

4. Analyze complexity

State that the greedy approach runs in O(n) time and O(1) space, making it optimal. Mention that a dynamic programming approach would be O(n^2) time and O(n) space, but is less efficient.

5. Test with examples

Walk through a simple example like [2,3,1,1,4] to show it returns true, and [3,2,1,0,4] to show it returns false. Discuss how the algorithm handles these cases.

Key Points to Mention

  • Greedy algorithm: track the furthest reachable index
  • Time complexity: O(n) single pass
  • Space complexity: O(1) constant extra space
  • Edge cases: empty array, single element, zeros in array
  • Comparison with dynamic programming approach
  • Correctness proof: invariant that max_reach is the furthest index reachable from processed indices

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.