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Apple·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Apple SWE coding round, just one question but it was a classic grouping problem. Pretty standard session, nothing too surprising.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of strings, group all anagrams together. The output order doesn't matter.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Sorted each string as a key and used a hashmap to bucket words together.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints (e.g., input size, character set) and then propose a hash map approach where the key is a canonical representation of each anagram group (e.g., sorted string or character count). Iterate through the array, group strings by key, and return the grouped values. Discuss time/space complexity and potential optimizations.

Pro tip: Mention that sorting each string as a key takes O(N * K log K) time, but using a character count key can reduce it to O(N * K) for a fixed alphabet, showing awareness of optimization. Also, note that Apple values clean, efficient code and often asks about edge cases like empty strings or Unicode characters.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input size, character set (lowercase English letters? Unicode?), and whether the output order matters. This shows attention to detail and helps choose the right approach.

2. Choose a canonical key

Decide on a representation that uniquely identifies anagrams: sorted string or character frequency count. Explain trade-offs (sorting vs counting) in terms of time and space.

3. Design the algorithm

Use a hash map to group strings by their canonical key. Iterate through the input array, compute the key for each string, and append the string to the corresponding list.

4. Analyze complexity

State the time and space complexity. For sorting approach: O(N * K log K) time, O(N * K) space. For counting approach: O(N * K) time, O(N * K) space.

5. Discuss edge cases and optimizations

Mention handling of empty strings, strings with different lengths, and potential memory optimizations. Optionally, discuss alternative approaches like using a prime number product key (with caution for overflow).

Key Points to Mention

  • Hash map with canonical key (sorted string or character count)
  • Time complexity: O(N * K log K) for sorting, O(N * K) for counting
  • Space complexity: O(N * K) for storing groups
  • Edge cases: empty strings, single-character strings, Unicode characters
  • Trade-offs between sorting and counting approaches
  • Potential overflow if using prime product key

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.