The base case where both strings are already equal tripped me up a bit.
Clarify the problem constraints (e.g., string lengths, character set, case sensitivity) and edge cases (e.g., duplicates, empty strings). Then propose an efficient algorithm: for each string in the list, check if it can be transformed into the target by exactly one swap, using a linear scan to identify mismatched positions and verifying the swap condition. Discuss time and space complexity, and consider optimizations like early termination or grouping by length.
Pro tip: Mention that you would first filter out strings with different lengths or character frequencies, as they can never match by a single swap. This shows you think about pruning and efficiency before diving into code.
Ask about input constraints (string lengths, character set, case sensitivity), output order, and handling of duplicates. Confirm that 'exactly one pair' means swapping two distinct characters (possibly equal? clarify if swapping identical characters counts).
For a candidate string to match the target by one swap, they must have the same length and same character multiset. Then, find the positions where they differ; there must be exactly two mismatches, and swapping those characters in the candidate must yield the target.
Iterate through each string in the list. First, check length equality. Then, scan both strings simultaneously to collect mismatched indices. If exactly two mismatches are found and the characters cross-match (candidate[i] == target[j] and candidate[j] == target[i]), the string is a match.
The naive approach is O(N * L) where N is the number of strings and L is the length. Discuss potential optimizations: pre-grouping by length, using a hash map of character counts, or early termination when more than two mismatches are found.
Walk through examples: target 'abcd', list ['abdc', 'abcd', 'abca', 'abcde']. Verify that 'abdc' matches (swap c and d), 'abcd' does not (zero swaps), 'abca' does not (different multiset), 'abcde' does not (different length). Also test empty strings and strings with repeated characters.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.