← Amazon Interview Insights

Amazon·Machine Learning Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon ML Engineer screen, just one coding problem but it felt like they were watching how I thought through it more than whether I got the answer.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of integers and a target value, find the indices of two distinct elements that sum to the target.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Classic two-sum.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem constraints (e.g., array size, whether the array is sorted, if there are multiple valid pairs, and if the same element can be used twice). Then, propose an efficient solution using a hash map to store seen elements and their indices, achieving O(n) time and O(n) space. If the array is sorted, mention the two-pointer approach as an alternative with O(n) time and O(1) space.

Pro tip: At Amazon, emphasize scalability and real-world application: discuss how this problem relates to feature matching or recommendation systems, and mention handling edge cases like no solution or duplicate values. Also, briefly analyze time and space complexity to show you consider efficiency.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input size, whether the array is sorted, if there are duplicate elements, and if exactly one solution exists. Confirm the expected return format (e.g., indices in any order).

2. Discuss brute-force and optimal approaches

Mention the O(n^2) brute-force method, then propose the hash map approach for O(n) time. If the array is sorted, mention the two-pointer technique for O(n) time and O(1) space.

3. Walk through the hash map solution

Iterate through the array, for each element check if target - element exists in the hash map. If yes, return the stored index and current index; otherwise, store the element and its index.

4. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time and space complexity (O(n) time, O(n) space). Discuss edge cases: no solution, multiple solutions, negative numbers, and duplicate values.

5. Relate to ML engineering at Amazon

Connect the problem to ML scenarios, such as finding pairs of features with a target correlation or matching user-item interactions. Highlight scalability and optimization.

Key Points to Mention

  • Hash map for O(n) time complexity
  • Two-pointer approach for sorted arrays
  • Handling edge cases: no solution, duplicates, negative numbers
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Real-world application in ML (e.g., feature matching, recommendation systems)
  • Amazon leadership principles: customer obsession (clarifying requirements), dive deep (edge cases), deliver results (efficient solution)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.