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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon coding round, one meaty string parsing problem that looked deceptively simple at first glance. The Morse decoding angle made it way more interesting than a typical recursion question.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a Morse-encoded string with only word separators (no character separators), the encoding is ambiguous. Write a function that returns all possible decoded strings.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The ambiguity part took me a second to fully internalize.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints (e.g., input format, dictionary, output order) and then propose a backtracking solution that recursively explores all possible word segmentations. Discuss trade-offs like time complexity and potential optimizations such as memoization or pruning with a dictionary.

Pro tip: Mention that this is essentially a word break problem with multiple solutions, and that using a trie or hash set for dictionary lookups can significantly speed up the backtracking. Also, consider handling edge cases like empty input or no valid decodings.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input format (e.g., string with spaces as word separators), dictionary availability, expected output order, and constraints on input size. Confirm whether the Morse code mapping is standard and if the dictionary is provided.

2. Outline a backtracking approach

Explain that you will recursively try all possible word lengths at each position, checking if the substring is a valid word in the dictionary. If valid, recurse on the remainder and build the result.

3. Discuss complexity and optimizations

Analyze time complexity (exponential in worst case) and propose optimizations like memoization to avoid recomputing subproblems, or using a trie for efficient prefix lookups. Mention pruning invalid paths early.

4. Handle edge cases and implementation details

Address empty input, no valid decodings, and multiple spaces. Discuss how to build the output list and whether to return all solutions or just count them.

5. Test with examples

Walk through a small example to demonstrate correctness, such as decoding '...' with a given dictionary. Show how the recursion explores possibilities and produces all valid strings.

Key Points to Mention

  • Backtracking/recursion to explore all segmentations
  • Use of a dictionary (hash set or trie) for O(1) or O(L) word lookups
  • Time complexity: O(2^n) worst case, but can be improved with memoization
  • Space complexity: O(n) for recursion stack plus output storage
  • Handling of edge cases: empty string, no valid words, multiple spaces
  • Potential follow-up: return only unique decodings or optimize for large inputs

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.