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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round where the main task was implementing a GPT model from scratch, including the attention mechanism, feedforward layers, and the full decoder stack. Pretty involved for what felt like a coding screen.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a basic GPT model with MultiheadAttention, Feedforward, DecoderLayer, and GPT classes. The model should support forward propagation given parameters like vocabulary size, embedding dimension, number of layers, number of heads, dropout rate, and sequence length.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew the high-level architecture but writing it out class by class under time pressure was rougher than expected.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the requirements and constraints, then outline the architecture and data flow. Implement each component (MultiheadAttention, Feedforward, DecoderLayer, GPT) with clear interfaces, and explain how they fit together. Finally, discuss trade-offs and potential optimizations.

Pro tip: Emphasize modularity and testability: design each component to be independently testable, and mention how you would verify correctness (e.g., shape checks, gradient flow). This shows engineering maturity beyond just coding the model.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about expected input/output shapes, performance requirements, and whether to include training or just inference. Confirm the exact parameters and any assumptions.

2. Design the Architecture

Sketch the overall GPT architecture: embedding layer, stacked decoder layers (each with masked multi-head attention and feedforward), and output projection. Explain the role of each component.

3. Implement Core Components

Code MultiheadAttention (with scaled dot-product attention, masking, and linear projections), Feedforward (two linear layers with activation), and DecoderLayer (combining attention, feedforward, and layer norms with residual connections).

4. Assemble the GPT Model

Combine embeddings, positional encoding, stacked decoder layers, and final linear layer. Ensure forward propagation handles input sequences and returns logits.

5. Discuss Trade-offs and Optimizations

Talk about parameter initialization, dropout placement, computational complexity, and potential improvements like weight tying or efficient attention mechanisms.

Key Points to Mention

  • Scaled dot-product attention and the need for masking in decoder self-attention
  • Multi-head attention: splitting heads, concatenation, and linear projection
  • Residual connections and layer normalization for stable training
  • Positional encoding to inject sequence order information
  • Dropout for regularization and its placement in the architecture
  • Parameter initialization (e.g., Xavier) and its impact on training

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.