← Aurora Interview Insights

Aurora·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Aurora had me implement a reference-counted smart pointer from scratch during what felt like a technical screen. Pretty deep C++ territory, not your typical LeetCode grind.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a minimal reference-counted smart pointer class template in C++, similar to std::shared_ptr, with support for copy/move semantics, operator overloads, use_count, and reset.

Technical Trade-offsSystem DesignAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This was a lot to hold in your head at once.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then design a class template with a pointer to the managed object and a separate control block for the reference count. Implement copy/move constructors, assignment operators, destructor, and key member functions like use_count and reset, ensuring exception safety and thread safety if needed.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a separate control block to avoid overhead when multiple shared_ptrs share the same object, and discuss the importance of atomic operations for thread safety. Also, highlight the rule of five and how to handle self-assignment.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about thread safety, custom deleters, weak pointer support, and whether it should be a drop-in replacement for std::shared_ptr. Confirm the expected interface and constraints.

2. Design the Class Structure

Decide on storing a raw pointer to the object and a pointer to a control block containing the reference count (and possibly deleter). Consider using a separate control block to allow independent reference counting.

3. Implement Core Operations

Write constructors, destructor, copy/move semantics, assignment operators, and member functions like use_count, reset, and operator overloads (*, ->). Ensure proper reference counting and exception safety.

4. Address Edge Cases and Thread Safety

Handle self-assignment, null pointers, and discuss atomic reference counting for thread safety. Mention potential optimizations like making the control block intrusive or using a single allocation.

5. Test and Validate

Outline test cases: copying, moving, resetting, use_count checks, and destruction. Discuss how to verify no memory leaks and correct behavior in multithreaded scenarios.

Key Points to Mention

  • Separate control block for reference counting to allow independent shared ownership.
  • Rule of five: destructor, copy constructor, move constructor, copy assignment, move assignment.
  • Atomic reference count for thread safety (std::atomic<int>).
  • Exception safety guarantees (e.g., strong guarantee for copy assignment via copy-and-swap).
  • Handling self-assignment and null pointers gracefully.
  • Custom deleter support and type erasure for deleters.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.