← Early-stage Startup Interview Insights

Early-stage Startup·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediateRejected
Apr 2026

Summary

Got a topological sort question in a technical interview and couldn't solve it. Application didn't move forward after that.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Solve a graph problem requiring topological sort.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Completely failed this.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the problem to ensure it's a directed acyclic graph and identify the desired output (e.g., a valid topological order or cycle detection). Then, choose between Kahn's algorithm (BFS-based) or DFS-based topological sort, explaining your choice based on the graph's characteristics and constraints. Finally, walk through your solution with a small example, analyze time and space complexity, and discuss edge cases.

Pro tip: In a startup, demonstrating awareness of real-world constraints (e.g., scalability, memory) and trade-offs between algorithms shows maturity beyond just coding. Mention how you'd handle large graphs or dynamic updates if relevant.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask questions to confirm the graph type (directed, acyclic), input format, and expected output (e.g., any valid order, lexicographically smallest, or cycle detection).

2. Choose an algorithm

Decide between Kahn's algorithm (BFS) and DFS-based topological sort, justifying your choice based on factors like cycle detection, ease of implementation, or specific constraints.

3. Outline the approach

Explain the steps of your chosen algorithm, including data structures (e.g., queue, stack, indegree array) and how you'll handle visited nodes.

4. Walk through an example

Trace the algorithm on a small graph to demonstrate correctness and clarify any ambiguities.

5. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time and space complexity, and discuss edge cases like empty graph, disconnected components, or cycles.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of topological sort and its applicability only to DAGs
  • Kahn's algorithm: using indegree and queue, detecting cycles if not all nodes are processed
  • DFS-based approach: using recursion stack and post-order traversal, detecting cycles via back edges
  • Time complexity: O(V + E) for both approaches
  • Space complexity: O(V + E) for storing graph and auxiliary structures
  • Handling edge cases: empty graph, single node, disconnected components, and cycles

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.