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Apple·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePass
May 2026Remote

Summary

Apple AI/ML team phone screen, got LC 642 and passed through to a virtual onsite.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a search autocomplete system that returns the top k most searched historical queries for a given prefix.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

Classic trie problem but the ranking twist is where it gets interesting.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements: scale, latency, update frequency, and whether the system is distributed. Then propose a trie-based solution where each node stores the top k queries for its prefix, and discuss how to handle updates and distributed deployment.

Pro tip: Mention that the top k lists can be precomputed and cached at each trie node, and that for distributed systems, you can shard by prefix and use a caching layer like Redis to meet low-latency requirements.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about scale (number of queries, QPS), latency requirements, update frequency, and whether the system needs to be distributed. This shows you think about practical constraints.

2. Propose Data Structure

Suggest a trie where each node stores the top k most frequent queries for the prefix represented by that node. Explain how to maintain the top k lists during insertion and updates.

3. Handle Updates and Ranking

Discuss how to update frequencies and adjust top k lists efficiently. Mention using a min-heap or sorted list per node, and consider batch updates for scalability.

4. Scale and Distribute

Explain how to shard the trie by prefix across multiple machines, and use a caching layer (e.g., Redis) to serve frequent prefixes with low latency.

5. Optimize and Trade-offs

Discuss trade-offs: memory vs. latency, precomputation vs. on-the-fly, and how to handle hot prefixes. Mention compression techniques like double-array tries if needed.

Key Points to Mention

  • Trie data structure with top k queries stored at each node
  • Efficient updates using min-heap or sorted lists per node
  • Distributed sharding by prefix and caching for low latency
  • Handling hot prefixes and load balancing
  • Trade-offs between precomputation and dynamic computation
  • Memory optimization techniques like compression or pruning

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.