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Palo·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineering role at Palo and got a meaty systems/concurrency problem about building an alert execution engine from scratch. The problem had a lot of moving parts and I think I handled most of it but the state transition piece tripped me up a bit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You're given a client API with methods for fetching alert configs, executing metric queries, and sending notifications. Build an alert execution engine that evaluates each alert on its own interval, fires notifications when a metric crosses a threshold, and resolves alerts when they drop back below it.

System DesignAPI & IntegrationsTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This one looked manageable at first glance but the complexity stacks up fast.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then design a modular system with a scheduler, evaluator, and notifier. Walk through the data flow, state management for alert states, and trade-offs around scheduling, concurrency, and failure handling.

Pro tip: Emphasize idempotency and state transitions to avoid duplicate notifications, and discuss how to handle missed evaluations due to downtime or delays.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about scale, alert types, notification channels, and expected latency. Confirm whether alerts are per-client or global, and how configs are updated.

2. High-Level Architecture

Outline components: a scheduler to trigger evaluations, a worker pool to execute metric queries, a state store to track alert status, and a notifier to send alerts. Describe how they interact.

3. Scheduling and Execution

Explain how to schedule each alert on its interval (e.g., using a priority queue or cron-like system). Discuss concurrency, load balancing, and handling of long-running queries.

4. State Management and Transitions

Detail how to track alert state (OK, PENDING, FIRING, RESOLVED) and ensure correct transitions. Use a persistent store with atomic updates to avoid race conditions.

5. Notification and Reliability

Describe how to send notifications via the client API, with retries and idempotency. Discuss deduplication, rate limiting, and handling failures.

Key Points to Mention

  • Idempotency of notifications to prevent duplicates
  • State machine for alert lifecycle (OK, PENDING, FIRING, RESOLVED)
  • Concurrency control and distributed locking for state updates
  • Handling missed evaluations and backfilling
  • Scalability: partitioning alerts across workers
  • Trade-offs between polling and event-driven approaches

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.