← JP Morgan Interview Insights
Knew this one from competitive programming prep so the recurrence clicked fast.
Recognize this as a classic dynamic programming problem where the number of ways to tile a 2×N rectangle follows the Fibonacci sequence. Derive the recurrence relation f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) by considering the last column's placement, then implement an efficient solution with O(N) time and O(1) space.
Pro tip: Mention that this is equivalent to the Fibonacci sequence and discuss how to optimize space to O(1) by only keeping the last two values, showing awareness of both time and space complexity.
Let f(n) be the number of ways to tile a 2×n rectangle. Establish base cases: f(0)=1 (empty tiling), f(1)=1 (one vertical domino).
Consider the last column: either a vertical domino covers it (leaving 2×(n-1)) or two horizontal dominoes cover the last two columns (leaving 2×(n-2)). Thus f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2).
Recognize that this recurrence generates the Fibonacci numbers. Compute f(n) iteratively from base cases to avoid exponential recursion.
Use two variables to store previous values, achieving O(1) space. Handle n=0, n=1, and large n (e.g., modulo if needed).
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.