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Reddit·Machine Learning Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Reddit ML Engineer interview focused entirely on a system design problem for their home feed ranking pipeline. Pretty technical and open-ended, the kind of question where you can go in a hundred directions and have to pick your battles.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a complete end-to-end ML system that exposes a method taking a user ID and a list of post IDs, and returns a probability score per post representing how likely that user is to comment on each post. The system needs to cover both model training and real-time serving at scale.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsData Modeling
Author's notes

This one is deceptively wide.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then outline the end-to-end pipeline from data collection to real-time serving. Focus on the model architecture, feature engineering, and scalability aspects, emphasizing trade-offs and Reddit-specific considerations.

Pro tip: Highlight the importance of negative sampling and handling class imbalance, as comment prediction is inherently sparse. Also, discuss how to incorporate real-time user and post features without introducing latency.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about scale (users, posts, QPS), latency requirements, data availability, and business goals. Confirm that the output is a probability score per post for a given user.

2. Data and Feature Engineering

Describe data sources (user interactions, post content, metadata) and feature types (user demographics, historical behavior, post embeddings, cross features). Discuss offline/online feature consistency and feature stores.

3. Model Training

Choose a model architecture (e.g., two-tower, gradient boosted trees, or deep neural networks) suitable for large-scale ranking. Explain training pipeline, loss function (e.g., binary cross-entropy), negative sampling, and evaluation metrics (AUC, log loss).

4. Real-time Serving Architecture

Design a scalable serving system with low latency: precompute user and post embeddings, use approximate nearest neighbor search for candidate generation, and a lightweight ranker for scoring. Discuss caching, batching, and fallback strategies.

5. Monitoring and Iteration

Outline monitoring for model performance, data drift, and system health. Describe A/B testing framework and retraining cadence to keep the model up-to-date.

Key Points to Mention

  • Handling class imbalance via negative sampling and using techniques like focal loss.
  • Two-tower model architecture for efficient candidate generation and scoring.
  • Feature store for consistent online/offline features and low-latency retrieval.
  • Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search for scalable candidate retrieval.
  • Real-time feature computation and caching to meet latency SLAs.
  • A/B testing and online evaluation metrics (e.g., CTR, engagement) for continuous improvement.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.