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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon OA for a Software Engineer role, debugging a broken Node.js/Express/MongoDB backend for a movie review platform rather than building anything from scratch. The bugs were spread across controllers, middleware, and utilities, which made it way more annoying than a typical algorithmic problem.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

A user moderation system needs to permanently flag users after 3 consecutive violations during review creation, 3 consecutive violations during review updates, or 3 cumulative violations across both operations. The existing implementation is broken. Find and fix the bugs.

Root Cause AnalysisAPI & IntegrationsSystem Design
Author's notes

The consecutive vs cumulative distinction is where I lost time.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the requirements and identify the three violation scenarios. Then, systematically trace through the existing code to find where the counting logic fails, focusing on state management and reset conditions. Finally, propose a fix that correctly tracks consecutive and cumulative violations, and validate with edge cases.

Pro tip: Demonstrate a test-driven approach by outlining specific test cases (e.g., exactly 3 violations, reset after a clean review, mixed create/update violations) before diving into the code. This shows you prioritize correctness and edge cases.

1. Clarify Requirements and Edge Cases

Restate the three conditions for flagging: 3 consecutive create violations, 3 consecutive update violations, or 3 cumulative violations across both. Ask clarifying questions about what constitutes a violation, whether consecutive means without any clean review, and if the flag is permanent.

2. Review Existing Implementation

Examine the code to understand how violations are currently tracked. Look for variables storing counts, how they are incremented, and under what conditions they are reset. Identify any discrepancies with the requirements.

3. Identify Bugs

Pinpoint specific bugs such as incorrect reset logic (e.g., resetting cumulative count when it shouldn't), off-by-one errors in threshold checks, or failure to distinguish between create and update operations. Consider concurrency issues if applicable.

4. Propose and Implement Fix

Design a corrected solution that maintains separate counters for consecutive create violations, consecutive update violations, and a cumulative count. Ensure resets occur appropriately (e.g., consecutive counters reset on a clean review, cumulative does not). Implement the fix clearly.

5. Validate with Test Cases

Walk through test scenarios: exactly 3 consecutive creates, 3 consecutive updates, mixed violations totaling 3, and cases where a clean review resets consecutive counts but not cumulative. Verify the flag is set correctly and permanently.

Key Points to Mention

  • State management: separate counters for consecutive create violations, consecutive update violations, and cumulative violations.
  • Reset conditions: consecutive counters reset on a clean review, but cumulative count persists.
  • Threshold logic: flag when any counter reaches 3, and ensure the flag is permanent.
  • Edge cases: exactly 3 violations, violations after resets, and mixed operation types.
  • Concurrency: if multiple reviews can be processed simultaneously, consider race conditions and atomic updates.
  • Testing: unit tests covering all scenarios to prevent regression.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

The rate limiter should block users after 4 combined review operations (both POST and PUT) within a 60-second window, but it's currently not working correctly across endpoints. Debug and fix it.

Root Cause AnalysisTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

My first instinct was to check each route handler separately, which was the wrong move.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the requirements and the current implementation, then systematically trace how the rate limiter is applied across POST and PUT endpoints. Identify whether the issue is due to separate counters per endpoint, incorrect key usage, or missing shared state, and propose a fix with a shared counter and proper atomic operations.

Pro tip: Emphasize the importance of atomic operations and shared state in distributed rate limiting, and discuss trade-offs between accuracy and performance. Mention that you would add logging and metrics to verify the fix in production.

1. Clarify Requirements and Current Behavior

Confirm that the rate limit is 4 combined operations (POST and PUT) per user per 60 seconds, and that it should be enforced across all relevant endpoints. Ask for details on the current implementation and any observed inconsistencies.

2. Inspect the Implementation

Review the code to see how the rate limiter is integrated. Check if each endpoint uses a separate counter or if there is a shared counter keyed by user ID. Look for issues like non-atomic increments, incorrect time windows, or missing synchronization.

3. Identify Root Cause

Determine why the limit is not enforced correctly. Common causes: separate counters per endpoint, race conditions in concurrent requests, incorrect key (e.g., using endpoint instead of user), or time window misconfiguration.

4. Propose and Implement Fix

Design a solution using a shared counter (e.g., Redis with atomic INCR and EXPIRE) keyed by user ID, ensuring all endpoints increment the same counter. Implement atomic operations to avoid race conditions and set a 60-second TTL.

5. Test and Validate

Write unit and integration tests to verify that 4 combined operations within 60 seconds are allowed and the 5th is blocked. Test concurrent requests to ensure atomicity. Add logging and metrics to monitor rate limiting in production.

Key Points to Mention

  • Shared state across endpoints: use a single counter keyed by user ID, not per endpoint.
  • Atomic operations: use Redis INCR with EXPIRE or similar to avoid race conditions.
  • Time window management: ensure the 60-second window is correctly implemented, e.g., using TTL or sliding window.
  • Concurrency: handle simultaneous requests from the same user without exceeding the limit.
  • Testing: include unit tests for the rate limiter logic and integration tests for the endpoints.
  • Monitoring: add logging and metrics to detect rate limiting issues in production.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Reviews containing inappropriate content should be rejected with a 400 response for both create and update operations, but the content moderation check isn't blocking correctly in one or both flows. Fix the issue.

Root Cause AnalysisAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

Straightforward compared to the others.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by reproducing the issue for both create and update flows to confirm which path fails. Trace the request through the moderation check, comparing the two flows to identify where the check is bypassed or misconfigured. Then fix the root cause and add tests to prevent regression.

Pro tip: Demonstrate a systematic debugging approach: isolate variables by testing each flow independently, and consider edge cases like partial updates or missing fields that might skip moderation. Also, mention adding logging and metrics to catch future moderation failures.

1. Reproduce the Issue

Test both create and update operations with inappropriate content to confirm the failure. Document the exact requests and responses.

2. Trace the Code Path

Follow the request flow for each operation, focusing on where the moderation check is invoked. Compare the two paths to spot differences.

3. Identify Root Cause

Determine why the check isn't blocking: e.g., check is skipped, condition is wrong, or exception is swallowed. Consider shared vs separate code.

4. Implement Fix

Correct the moderation logic to ensure it runs and blocks appropriately for both flows. Avoid duplicating code; centralize if possible.

5. Verify and Prevent Regression

Add unit and integration tests for both create and update with inappropriate content. Also test edge cases like partial updates.

Key Points to Mention

  • Reproduce the issue for both create and update to confirm scope
  • Trace the request through the moderation check, comparing create vs update paths
  • Check for shared code vs separate implementations that might cause inconsistency
  • Consider edge cases: partial updates, missing fields, or different content types
  • Add automated tests to cover moderation for both operations
  • Implement logging/metrics to monitor moderation failures in production

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.