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Google·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Google SWE interview with a classic scheduling problem. Nothing too exotic but the heap approach tripped me up a bit under pressure.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of meeting time intervals, find the minimum number of conference rooms needed to schedule all meetings without conflicts.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

I knew there were two ways to go at this.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints and edge cases, then propose an efficient algorithm such as sorting start and end times separately and using a two-pointer sweep to count concurrent meetings. Discuss time and space complexity, and compare with alternative approaches like min-heap or sweep line with events.

Pro tip: Mention that the problem is equivalent to finding the maximum number of overlapping intervals, and that sorting start and end times separately avoids the overhead of a heap. Also, proactively discuss how to handle edge cases like empty input or zero-length meetings.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input size, whether intervals are inclusive/exclusive, and if meetings can be back-to-back. Confirm expected output and any constraints on time/space.

2. Outline a brute-force approach

Briefly mention a naive O(n^2) solution that checks each meeting against all others to establish a baseline, then explain why it's inefficient.

3. Propose an optimal algorithm

Describe the two-pointer sweep: sort start and end times separately, then iterate through starts, incrementing room count when a start is before the next end, else decrement. Alternatively, use a min-heap of end times.

4. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

State that sorting takes O(n log n) time and O(n) space, and compare with heap approach which also is O(n log n) but may have higher constant factors. Discuss when one might be preferred.

5. Test with examples and edge cases

Walk through a simple example like [[0,30],[5,10],[15,20]] to show the algorithm yields 2 rooms. Mention edge cases: empty array, single meeting, all overlapping, no overlaps.

Key Points to Mention

  • The problem reduces to finding the maximum number of overlapping intervals at any point in time.
  • Sorting start and end times separately allows a linear scan after O(n log n) sorting.
  • A min-heap of end times can also solve it by adding a room when the earliest end is after the current start.
  • Time complexity is O(n log n) due to sorting, and space complexity is O(n) for the sorted arrays or heap.
  • Edge cases: empty input, zero-length meetings, and meetings that end exactly when another starts (no conflict).
  • The two-pointer approach is more space-efficient than the heap approach if we sort in-place, but both are acceptable.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.