← InterSystems Interview Insights
They told me upfront no coding needed, just talk through it.
Start by clarifying the problem and edge cases, then present the expand-around-center approach as an optimal O(n^2) time and O(1) space solution. Explain the algorithm step-by-step, analyze complexity, and discuss trade-offs with other methods like dynamic programming or Manacher's algorithm.
Pro tip: Mention that while Manacher's algorithm achieves O(n) time, the expand-around-center method is often preferred in practice for its simplicity and low constant factors, and it's easier to implement correctly under pressure.
Ask if the substring must be contiguous (yes, by definition) and confirm handling of empty strings, single characters, and case sensitivity. Discuss whether to return the substring itself or its length.
Choose the expand-around-center method: for each character (and between characters), expand outward while characters match, tracking the longest palindrome. This handles both odd and even length palindromes.
Explain the two-pointer expansion: initialize left and right pointers at the center, expand while within bounds and characters equal, and update the longest palindrome found. Repeat for all 2n-1 centers.
State time complexity O(n^2) due to expanding from each center, and space complexity O(1) as only pointers are used. Compare with dynamic programming (O(n^2) time, O(n^2) space) and Manacher's algorithm (O(n) time, O(n) space).
Mention edge cases: empty string returns empty, single character returns itself, all same characters, and no palindrome longer than 1. Suggest testing with examples like 'babad' (returns 'bab' or 'aba') and 'cbbd' (returns 'bb').
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