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Instacart·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Coding screen for a software engineer role at Instacart. One problem, simulation-style, felt more like a design exercise than a pure algorithm grind. Not the hardest thing I've done but there were more decisions to make than I expected.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a bus boarding simulation where passengers have a priority flag. A bus has a fixed capacity C. Priority passengers board first in arrival order, then non-priority passengers fill the remaining spots. Return who boarded and who was left behind.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just iterate once and handle priority inline, which got messy fast.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the input format and constraints, then propose an efficient algorithm that separates priority and non-priority passengers while preserving arrival order. Implement the solution with careful handling of capacity and edge cases, and analyze time and space complexity.

Pro tip: Mention that you can achieve O(n) time by processing the input once and using a queue for each group, which is optimal since you must examine every passenger. This shows you think about efficiency and practical implementation.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input format (e.g., list of passengers with priority flag and arrival order), output format, and any constraints on capacity or passenger count. Confirm that priority passengers board first in arrival order, then non-priority fill remaining spots.

2. Design the algorithm

Propose using two queues (or lists) to separate priority and non-priority passengers while preserving arrival order. Then dequeue priority passengers until capacity is reached, followed by non-priority passengers until capacity is full.

3. Implement the solution

Write code that iterates through passengers, enqueues them into the appropriate queue, then builds the boarded list by dequeuing from priority first, then non-priority, up to capacity. The remaining passengers in both queues are left behind.

4. Test with edge cases

Consider cases like capacity 0, all priority, all non-priority, more passengers than capacity, and exactly capacity. Verify that arrival order is preserved within each group.

5. Analyze complexity and discuss optimizations

State that time complexity is O(n) and space complexity is O(n) in the worst case. Discuss potential optimizations like early termination if capacity is reached, or using a single pass with counters if only counts are needed.

Key Points to Mention

  • Preserving arrival order within each priority group
  • Using separate queues for priority and non-priority passengers
  • Handling capacity constraints and edge cases (e.g., capacity 0, empty input)
  • Time and space complexity analysis (O(n) time, O(n) space)
  • Potential for early termination when capacity is reached
  • Clarifying assumptions about input format and output requirements

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.