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Openai·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Apr 2026Remote

Summary

Went through a technical phone screen for a software engineering role at OpenAI. The problem was a grid simulation with a layered death rule on top of standard BFS infection spread. Tricky enough that I had to think carefully about what state to track per cell.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have an N×M grid where some cells start infected. Infection spreads to 4-directional neighbors each day. Additionally, an infected cell dies D days after infection if it ever had K or more simultaneously-infected neighbors during those D days. How many plants die in total?

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The base BFS part was fine, I've done enough flood-fill stuff to get through that quickly.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the infection as a multi-source BFS to compute infection times, then simulate day-by-day while tracking each infected cell's neighbor count and death condition. Use a queue to process newly infected cells and a priority queue or buckets to schedule deaths, ensuring O(NM) time.

Pro tip: Clarify the death condition early: 'if it ever had K or more simultaneously-infected neighbors during those D days' means we need to track the maximum neighbor count over the D-day window, not just at infection time. Also, confirm whether dead cells stop spreading infection.

1. Clarify problem details

Ask about edge cases: Do dead cells stop spreading? Does the D-day window include the infection day? Are initial infected cells subject to the same death rule? Confirm the definition of 'simultaneously-infected neighbors'.

2. Compute infection times

Run multi-source BFS from all initially infected cells to determine the day each cell becomes infected. Store infection day in a 2D array.

3. Simulate day-by-day

Process days in order. For each day, update neighbor counts for all infected cells (including newly infected). Track the maximum neighbor count each cell has seen so far. If a cell reaches D days since infection and its max neighbor count >= K, mark it dead and count it.

4. Optimize with event scheduling

Instead of scanning all cells each day, use a queue for new infections and a priority queue (or buckets by day) for scheduled deaths. Update neighbor counts only for cells adjacent to newly infected or dead cells.

5. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Discuss time and space complexity: O(NM) for BFS and O(NM) for simulation. Mention trade-offs between simple day-by-day simulation and event-driven approach.

Key Points to Mention

  • Multi-source BFS for infection spread
  • Tracking maximum neighbor count per cell over time
  • Handling simultaneous updates correctly (e.g., using snapshots or processing in waves)
  • Event-driven simulation with queues to avoid O(NM * D) time
  • Edge cases: dead cells spreading, initial infected cells, boundary conditions
  • Time and space complexity analysis

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.