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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE interview with a graph/tree traversal problem about dependency depth. Pretty standard algorithmic question but the dependency framing made me second-guess my approach for a bit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a list of nodes where each node has a unique string ID and a list of other nodes it depends on, find the maximum depth of the dependency chain.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I recognized it as a graph depth problem pretty quickly but the string IDs threw me off at first.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the dependencies as a directed graph and use DFS with memoization to compute the longest path from each node, detecting cycles to avoid infinite loops. Return the maximum depth found, ensuring O(V+E) time complexity.

Pro tip: Explicitly mention cycle detection and how you handle it (e.g., marking nodes as visiting/visited) to show robustness, and discuss trade-offs between DFS and BFS (topological sort) for depth calculation.

1. Clarify and Model

Ask clarifying questions about input format, cycle presence, and depth definition. Model the dependencies as a directed graph where edges point from a node to its dependencies.

2. Choose Algorithm

Select DFS with memoization to compute the longest path from each node, or BFS with topological sort if the graph is a DAG. Discuss trade-offs.

3. Handle Cycles

Implement cycle detection using a recursion stack or visited states. If a cycle exists, decide whether to throw an error or treat depth as infinite.

4. Compute Depth

For each node, recursively compute the maximum depth of its dependencies and add 1. Use memoization to avoid redundant calculations.

5. Analyze Complexity

State that the time complexity is O(V+E) and space complexity is O(V) for the recursion stack and memoization table.

Key Points to Mention

  • Graph representation (adjacency list)
  • DFS with memoization for longest path
  • Cycle detection (visiting/visited states)
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: empty list, single node, disconnected components
  • Alternative: topological sort with BFS

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.