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Perplexity·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Standard SWE coding round at Perplexity. One question, trie-based design problem, test cases were given so no need to write your own.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design an in-memory file system that supports creating files and directories, listing directory contents, and reading/writing file content.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

Go with a trie from the start, don't second-guess it.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and defining the core operations (create, list, read, write). Then design a tree-based data structure with nodes representing files and directories, and implement the operations using appropriate data structures like hash maps for children and strings for content. Discuss trade-offs and potential optimizations.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a trie-like structure with hash maps for efficient lookups, and discuss how to handle edge cases like path normalization and concurrent access. This shows attention to detail and scalability.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about expected operations, path formats (absolute vs relative), file/directory naming rules, and whether concurrency or persistence is needed. This ensures you build the right abstraction.

2. Design Data Structures

Propose a tree where each node is either a file or directory. Use a hash map to store children (name -> node) for O(1) lookups, and store file content as a string or byte array.

3. Implement Core Operations

Outline methods for create (file/dir), list (return children names), read (return content), and write (update content). Handle path resolution by splitting on '/' and traversing the tree.

4. Handle Edge Cases

Discuss errors like creating existing files, accessing non-existent paths, and invalid operations (e.g., writing to a directory). Also consider path normalization (e.g., '..', '.').

5. Optimize and Extend

Talk about potential improvements: caching, concurrency (locks), memory efficiency, and supporting additional operations like delete or move. Mention trade-offs between simplicity and performance.

Key Points to Mention

  • Tree-based structure with nodes for files and directories
  • Hash maps for O(1) child lookup
  • Path resolution by splitting on '/' and traversing
  • Error handling for invalid operations
  • Concurrency considerations (locks, thread safety)
  • Trade-offs between different data structures (e.g., trie vs nested maps)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.