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Meta·Technical Product Manager·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jul 2026

Summary

Meta TPM interview with a system design question about building a live streaming platform like Twitch. Pretty open-ended, which I wasn't totally prepared for.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

How would you design a live streaming platform similar to Twitch?

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsProduct Sense & Ideation
Author's notes

I jumped straight into the video ingestion pipeline before even scoping what 'live streaming' meant in this context.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the product goals and constraints, then outline a high-level architecture covering ingestion, processing, distribution, and client playback. Dive into key technical trade-offs (e.g., latency vs. scalability, cost vs. quality) and tie them back to user experience and business metrics. Conclude with how you would measure success and iterate.

Pro tip: Anchor your design around the critical user journey (streamer to viewer) and explicitly discuss how you'd handle scale spikes from popular streamers, as this is a common failure point. Also, mention Meta's existing infrastructure (e.g., CDN, AI recommendations) to show you can leverage internal assets.

1. Clarify Requirements & Goals

Ask questions to understand scope: target users, key features (live chat, VOD, monetization), scale (concurrent viewers, streamers), latency requirements, and business objectives. Define success metrics like engagement, retention, and revenue.

2. High-Level Architecture

Sketch the end-to-end flow: streamer ingests via RTMP/SRT, transcoding into multiple bitrates, packaging (HLS/DASH), distribution via CDN, and playback on clients. Include supporting services like chat, recommendations, and analytics.

3. Deep Dive into Key Components

Pick 2-3 critical areas (e.g., low-latency streaming, chat scalability, content moderation) and discuss design choices, trade-offs, and alternatives. Explain how you'd handle peak load and ensure reliability.

4. Address Trade-offs & Constraints

Discuss trade-offs such as latency vs. cost, quality vs. bandwidth, and build vs. buy. Consider constraints like budget, team expertise, and time-to-market. Prioritize features based on impact and effort.

5. Metrics & Iteration

Define how you'd measure success (e.g., viewer retention, stream quality, chat engagement) and outline a plan for iterative improvements based on data and user feedback.

Key Points to Mention

  • Low-latency streaming protocols (e.g., LL-HLS, WebRTC) and their trade-offs with scalability and cost.
  • Scalable chat architecture using WebSockets, pub/sub, and sharding to handle millions of concurrent users.
  • CDN and edge computing strategies for global distribution and reducing buffering.
  • Monetization features like subscriptions, donations, and ads, and how they integrate with the platform.
  • Content moderation and safety, including AI-based detection and human review, especially for live content.
  • Recommendation systems to personalize content discovery and increase engagement.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.