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rippling·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Rippling system design round for a software engineer role, focused on building a rule engine from scratch. The problem was open-ended enough that you had to make real design decisions before writing a single line of code, which I wasn't fully prepared for.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design and implement a rule engine where evaluate_rules(rules, expenses) returns the expense or trip records that violate any rule. You pick the rule schema and return type. Justify your return-type choice before writing code, and design for extensibility given that new rule types and an API for rule creation are coming.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

The justify-before-coding part tripped me up more than the actual implementation.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and defining a rule schema that separates rule evaluation logic from the data it operates on, then justify a return type that provides both the violating records and the reasons for violation. Design the engine around a registry of rule evaluators so new rule types can be added without modifying core evaluation code, and implement a clean evaluate_rules function with extensibility hooks for a future rule-creation API.

Pro tip: Explicitly discuss how you would version and validate rules created via the future API, and mention idempotency and auditability—these are critical for financial systems like expense/trip compliance at Rippling.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about rule types, data volume, latency needs, and whether rules are static or dynamic. Confirm that the return type must support both violation detection and downstream actions like notifications or blocking.

2. Design the rule schema and return type

Define a rule as a predicate over an expense/trip record with metadata (id, type, severity). Justify returning a list of violation objects containing the record, the rule that failed, and a human-readable reason, rather than just the records.

3. Design for extensibility

Use a registry or strategy pattern where each rule type maps to an evaluator function. Ensure the core evaluate_rules function iterates rules and delegates to evaluators, so new rule types can be added without changing the engine.

4. Implement evaluate_rules and discuss trade-offs

Write pseudocode or actual code for evaluate_rules, handling edge cases like empty rules or malformed records. Discuss performance (e.g., short-circuiting, batching) and how the design supports a future rule-creation API.

5. Address future API and operational concerns

Explain how the rule schema and registry enable a CRUD API for rules, including validation, versioning, and testing. Mention observability (logging violations) and security (rule injection prevention).

Key Points to Mention

  • Separation of concerns: rule definition vs. rule evaluation vs. data model
  • Return type should include violation details (record, rule, reason) for auditability and user feedback
  • Registry/strategy pattern for extensibility to new rule types
  • Future rule-creation API requires schema validation, versioning, and sandboxing
  • Performance considerations: indexing rules, short-circuit evaluation, batch processing
  • Testing strategy: unit tests for evaluators, integration tests for engine, property-based tests for rules

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.