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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round, one meaty array problem that took up most of the time. The question had a lot of moving parts and I'm still not sure I nailed the explanation.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array, you can optionally pick a contiguous subarray and add any integer (positive, negative, or zero) to every element in it. After this single operation, what is the maximum frequency any value can appear in the resulting array? Also return the subarray range and the delta you used.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This one wrecked me a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the problem and constraints, then propose an efficient algorithm that finds the maximum frequency after one range addition. Use a sliding window or hash map to track frequencies and determine the optimal subarray and delta.

Pro tip: Discuss trade-offs between time and space complexity, and mention how you would handle edge cases like all elements already equal or empty array.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask clarifying questions about input size, constraints, and whether the subarray can be empty. Confirm that the operation is optional and that delta can be any integer.

2. Brute force approach

Start with a brute force solution: try all possible subarrays and all possible deltas (or derive optimal delta) to compute the maximum frequency. Analyze its time complexity.

3. Optimize using frequency maps

Observe that for a fixed subarray, the optimal delta is the difference between a target value and the most frequent value in the subarray. Use a hash map to count frequencies and find the best subarray efficiently.

4. Design efficient algorithm

Propose an O(n) or O(n log n) algorithm, e.g., using a sliding window to maintain frequencies and track the maximum frequency achievable by adding a delta to a contiguous segment.

5. Handle edge cases and return result

Consider cases where no operation is performed (delta=0, empty subarray) and ensure the algorithm returns the subarray range and delta. Test with examples.

Key Points to Mention

  • Time and space complexity analysis of the proposed solution
  • Handling of edge cases such as empty array, all elements equal, or negative numbers
  • Proof of correctness for the chosen delta and subarray
  • Use of hash maps or sliding window to optimize frequency counting
  • Discussion of trade-offs between different approaches
  • Clarification of the problem statement and constraints

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.