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DoorDash·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

DoorDash technical screen for a software engineer role, focused on debugging a dasher assignment module. Two bugs to find and fix, then a productionization discussion. Pretty meaty for a phone screen.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

You're given a 'pick dasher' module that assigns dashers to deliveries. There are two known bugs: one related to a missing or incomplete constructor, and one off-by-one error in the adjustKey() method. Identify the root cause of each, explain it, and provide a fix.

Root Cause AnalysisAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

The constructor one clicked pretty fast.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, explain the purpose of the 'pick dasher' module and the role of the constructor and adjustKey() method. Then, for each bug, describe the symptom, trace it to the root cause (e.g., missing initialization or incorrect boundary condition), and propose a concrete fix with code or pseudocode. Finally, discuss how you would test the fixes to prevent regressions.

Pro tip: Demonstrate a systematic debugging approach: start by reproducing the bug, then isolate the faulty code, and finally verify the fix with edge cases. This shows maturity and reduces the risk of overlooking related issues.

1. Understand the module and its components

Briefly explain what the 'pick dasher' module does and the responsibilities of the constructor and adjustKey() method. This sets the context for the bugs.

2. Analyze the constructor bug

Identify the missing or incomplete constructor by looking for uninitialized fields or missing setup logic. Explain how this leads to incorrect behavior, such as null pointer exceptions or default values.

3. Analyze the off-by-one error in adjustKey()

Examine the adjustKey() method for boundary conditions, such as loop bounds or index calculations. Determine where the off-by-one occurs and how it affects key adjustment.

4. Propose fixes for both bugs

Provide clear, concise fixes: for the constructor, add the missing initialization; for adjustKey(), correct the boundary condition (e.g., change < to <= or adjust index). Include code snippets if possible.

5. Suggest testing and validation

Outline how you would test the fixes, including unit tests for edge cases and integration tests to ensure the module works as expected.

Key Points to Mention

  • Importance of proper initialization in constructors to avoid null references or incorrect default states.
  • Common off-by-one errors in loops and array indexing, and how to spot them (e.g., fencepost errors).
  • The impact of these bugs on the overall system, such as misassignments or performance issues.
  • Defensive programming techniques, like assertions or input validation, to catch such bugs early.
  • The value of writing unit tests that cover boundary conditions and edge cases.
  • How to communicate root cause analysis clearly and concisely to both technical and non-technical stakeholders.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Write your own test cases to validate the two fixes. Make sure you cover the edge case that triggers the off-by-one and a basic happy path.

Algorithms & Data StructuresRoot Cause Analysis
Author's notes

I wrote the happy path first which was fine.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the two fixes and the off-by-one edge case, then design test cases that directly target the boundary condition and a normal happy path. Structure your answer by explaining each test case's purpose, expected outcome, and how it validates the fix.

Pro tip: Mention that you would also add a regression test for the off-by-one to prevent future reintroduction, and consider property-based testing for broader coverage.

1. Clarify the fixes and edge case

Restate the two fixes and the specific off-by-one scenario to ensure you understand what needs validation. Identify the exact input that triggers the off-by-one (e.g., boundary index, empty input, or maximum value).

2. Design the off-by-one test case

Create a test that uses the boundary input that previously caused the off-by-one error. Specify the expected output after the fix and explain why this test would fail without the fix.

3. Design the happy path test case

Create a simple, typical input that exercises the core functionality. Assert that the output matches the expected correct behavior, ensuring the fix didn't break normal operation.

4. Consider additional edge cases

Think about other potential edge cases related to the fixes (e.g., empty input, single element, negative values) and decide if they are worth adding. Prioritize the required off-by-one and happy path first.

5. Explain test execution and validation

Describe how you would run the tests, interpret failures, and confirm the fixes work. Mention any test framework or tools you'd use and how you'd ensure the tests are reliable.

Key Points to Mention

  • Boundary value analysis for off-by-one errors
  • Happy path testing to confirm basic functionality
  • Regression testing to prevent future bugs
  • Test case clarity: input, expected output, and purpose
  • Automation and integration with CI/CD
  • Considering multiple edge cases beyond the required ones

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

What changes would you make to get this code production-ready? Walk through input validation, logging and observability, error handling when no dashers are available, thread-safety for concurrent picks, and unit test coverage.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This part I actually liked.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by framing the code as a critical service that assigns orders to dashers, then systematically address each area: input validation, logging/observability, error handling for no dashers, thread-safety, and unit tests. For each, explain the specific changes you'd make and the trade-offs, tying them back to production reliability and scalability.

Pro tip: Emphasize idempotency and graceful degradation—e.g., when no dashers are available, return a clear error and trigger a retry/backoff mechanism rather than failing silently. Also, mention that you'd add metrics and alerts for key failure modes to enable proactive monitoring.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about expected load, latency SLAs, and consistency requirements to tailor your changes. This shows you think about production context before diving into code.

2. Harden input validation

Validate all inputs (e.g., order ID, dasher ID, location) at the API boundary, reject malformed requests with clear errors, and sanitize data to prevent injection attacks.

3. Add logging and observability

Implement structured logging with correlation IDs, and emit metrics (e.g., pick success rate, latency) and traces to monitor the assignment process end-to-end.

4. Handle no-dasher scenarios and concurrency

For no dashers, return a specific error and enqueue for retry with exponential backoff; for concurrent picks, use optimistic locking or a queue to ensure thread-safety and prevent double-assignment.

5. Ensure comprehensive unit test coverage

Write tests for edge cases: invalid inputs, no dashers, concurrent pick attempts, and failure injection. Use mocks for external dependencies and aim for high coverage of critical paths.

Key Points to Mention

  • Input validation: schema validation, type checking, and boundary checks to prevent bad data.
  • Logging: structured logs with context (order ID, dasher ID) and log levels; avoid logging sensitive data.
  • Observability: metrics (counters, histograms), distributed tracing, and alerting on error rates.
  • Error handling for no dashers: return a 503 or specific error code, implement retry with backoff, and possibly fallback to a waitlist.
  • Thread-safety: use database transactions with row-level locking, optimistic concurrency control, or a distributed lock to handle concurrent picks.
  • Unit tests: cover happy path, edge cases (no dashers, invalid input), and concurrency scenarios; use dependency injection for testability.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.