My first instinct was to shift elements forward from the front, which is the wrong move and causes a ton of unnecessary work.
Start by clarifying the problem constraints and edge cases, then propose a solution that merges from the end of the arrays to avoid overwriting elements. Walk through the algorithm step-by-step, analyze its time and space complexity, and test with examples.
Pro tip: Emphasize that merging from the end is the key insight to achieve O(1) extra space and O(m+n) time, and mention that this approach is optimal for in-place merging of sorted arrays.
Ask questions to confirm the input format, sizes, and assumptions (e.g., arrays are sorted, first array has enough space, no extra space allowed).
Mention naive approaches (e.g., concatenate and sort) and their drawbacks, then introduce the optimal two-pointer from the end technique.
Detail the steps: initialize pointers at the end of both arrays, compare elements, and place the larger one at the end of the first array, moving pointers accordingly.
State that time complexity is O(m+n) and space complexity is O(1), as no extra space is used.
Walk through a simple example and edge cases (e.g., one array empty, all elements of one array smaller) to verify correctness.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.