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Pure Storage·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Pure Storage SWE interview with a coding problem that pushed me through a few optimization rounds. The interviewer was pretty reasonable about not needing a closed-form formula, which helped.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a grid, count the number of squares (of any size) that can be formed.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Started at the brute force O(n^4) and worked down from there.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem: determine if the grid is a binary matrix where 1s represent possible square corners, or if all cells are valid. Then, for each possible top-left corner and size, check if all four corners are 1s (or if all cells are valid). Optimize by precomputing prefix sums or using dynamic programming to count squares efficiently.

Pro tip: Mention that the brute-force approach is O(n^3) or O(n^4), but you can optimize to O(n^2) using dynamic programming or prefix sums, showing you consider scalability. Also, discuss trade-offs between time and space complexity.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask whether the grid is binary (1s and 0s) and whether squares must have all four corners as 1s or all cells as 1s. Confirm if squares can be of any size and orientation (only axis-aligned).

2. Discuss brute-force approach

Explain that you can iterate over all possible top-left corners and sizes, and for each, check if the square is valid. Analyze time complexity: O(n^3) for checking all cells or O(n^4) if checking each cell individually.

3. Optimize with precomputation

Propose using prefix sums to check if a square is all 1s in O(1) time, reducing overall complexity to O(n^3). Alternatively, use dynamic programming to count squares with all 1s in O(n^2) time.

4. Handle edge cases and constraints

Consider empty grid, non-square grids, and large inputs. Discuss memory usage and whether the grid can be modified in-place.

5. Summarize and conclude

Restate the chosen approach, its complexity, and why it's optimal for the given constraints. Mention potential follow-up optimizations if needed.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of a valid square: all four corners are 1s or all cells are 1s.
  • Time complexity analysis: brute-force O(n^4) vs optimized O(n^3) or O(n^2).
  • Use of prefix sums for O(1) range sum queries to check if a square is all 1s.
  • Dynamic programming approach: dp[i][j] = size of largest square with bottom-right at (i,j), then sum over all sizes.
  • Space-time trade-off: prefix sums require O(n^2) extra space, while DP can be O(n^2) or O(n) with optimization.
  • Edge cases: empty grid, 1x1 grid, non-square grids, and grids with no 1s.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.