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Capital One·Machine Learning Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Got a coding screen for an ML Engineer role at Capital One. Pretty straightforward string manipulation problem, nothing that screams machine learning to me but whatever.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a string, scan every window of three consecutive characters and count how many times the first and last characters in that window are the same letter (case-insensitive). Return the total count.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Not hard but I second-guessed the case-insensitive part for a second and almost forgot to lowercase before comparing.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints (e.g., string length, character set) and confirm edge cases. Then describe a linear scan using a sliding window of size 3, comparing the first and last characters case-insensitively. Finally, analyze time and space complexity and discuss potential optimizations or variations.

Pro tip: Mention that you would handle case-insensitivity by normalizing characters (e.g., using toLowerCase) before comparison, and explicitly state that the window slides by one character to avoid redundant checks. This shows attention to detail and efficiency.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about input size, character set, and whether overlapping windows should be considered. Confirm that the count increments only when the first and last characters match case-insensitively.

2. Outline the algorithm

Explain that you will iterate through the string with a window of size 3, comparing the characters at the current index and index+2 after converting both to the same case. Increment a counter when they match.

3. Walk through an example

Choose a short string (e.g., 'AbcA') and manually demonstrate how the windows are formed and which ones count, ensuring the interviewer follows your logic.

4. Analyze complexity

State that the time complexity is O(n) where n is the string length, as each character is visited a constant number of times, and space complexity is O(1) since only a counter is used.

5. Discuss optimizations and variations

Mention that the solution is already optimal for a single pass, but you could discuss handling Unicode or using a two-pointer approach if the window size were larger.

Key Points to Mention

  • Case-insensitive comparison (e.g., using toLowerCase or locale-aware methods)
  • Sliding window technique with a fixed window size of 3
  • Time complexity O(n) and space complexity O(1)
  • Edge cases: strings shorter than 3 characters, empty string, non-alphabetic characters
  • Overlapping windows are counted separately
  • Potential for early termination if the remaining string length is less than 3

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.