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Anthropic·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
Jul 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineer role at Anthropic and got two back-to-back coding problems, one on file deduplication and one on image processing. Nothing behavioral, just straight into the code. Felt like a solid technical screen, though the image processing part had some tricky edge cases I didn't fully anticipate.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given a list of directory records (each containing a path and files with their contents), find all groups of files that have identical content and return their full paths. Only return groups with at least two files.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Pretty standard hashmap problem once you see it.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the input format and constraints, then propose a hash-based grouping strategy: compute a hash (or use the full content) for each file and group files by identical content. Discuss trade-offs between hashing and direct comparison, and handle edge cases like empty files and large contents.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a cryptographic hash like SHA-256 to minimize collision risk, but also discuss the trade-off of hash collisions and the possibility of verifying with direct comparison for critical applications.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input size, file content size, whether paths are unique, and if the order of groups or files within groups matters. Confirm that only groups with at least two files should be returned.

2. Choose a grouping strategy

Decide between hashing file contents (e.g., SHA-256) or using the content directly as a key. Consider memory and time trade-offs, especially for large files.

3. Implement the grouping algorithm

Iterate through all files, compute a key (hash or content), and use a hash map to group full paths by that key. Ensure that only groups with size >= 2 are kept.

4. Handle edge cases and optimize

Address empty files, duplicate paths, and very large files. Discuss potential optimizations like streaming hashing or parallel processing if needed.

5. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Explain time and space complexity (O(N) for N files, assuming constant-time hashing) and discuss trade-offs between hashing and direct comparison, including collision risks.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash map to group files by content hash or content itself.
  • Discuss trade-offs between hashing (e.g., SHA-256) and direct content comparison.
  • Handle edge cases: empty files, large files, duplicate paths.
  • Time complexity: O(N) for N files, assuming constant-time hashing.
  • Space complexity: O(N) for storing groups and hashes.
  • Only return groups with at least two files, as specified.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Implement horizontal flip and box blur (radius 1, using in-bounds pixels only, floor division) on a grayscale image matrix, applying operations in a given sequence.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The flip part was trivial but the blur tripped me up a little.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the input format and operation sequence, then design modular functions for horizontal flip and box blur, ensuring the blur uses only in-bounds pixels and integer floor division. Apply operations in order, and analyze time/space complexity, discussing trade-offs between in-place and new-matrix approaches.

Pro tip: Write helper functions for each operation and test with edge cases like 1x1 matrices and empty inputs; explicitly handle boundary conditions in blur to avoid index errors.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Confirm the input matrix dimensions, operation sequence format, and that blur uses only in-bounds pixels with floor division. Ask about edge cases like empty matrices or single-row/column images.

2. Design modular operations

Implement horizontal flip by reversing each row, and box blur by averaging the 3x3 neighborhood (or fewer at borders) using integer floor division. Ensure each operation returns a new matrix or modifies in-place as specified.

3. Apply operations in sequence

Iterate through the given operation sequence, applying each operation to the current matrix. Maintain the matrix state correctly between operations.

4. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Discuss time complexity O(N*M*K) for K operations and space complexity O(N*M) if creating new matrices. Compare in-place vs. new matrix approaches for memory and simplicity.

5. Test and validate

Walk through small examples, including edge cases, to verify correctness. Mention potential optimizations like using prefix sums for blur if multiple blurs are applied.

Key Points to Mention

  • Modular design with separate functions for flip and blur
  • Boundary handling in box blur: only average in-bounds pixels
  • Integer floor division for blur output
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: empty matrix, 1x1, single row/column
  • Trade-offs: in-place modification vs. creating new matrices

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.