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Shopify·Data Scientist·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Shopify data scientist interview, pair programming format where they had me write code live with the interviewer watching. Pretty straightforward session focused on a similarity metric problem.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Write a Python function that takes two lists of strings and returns their Jaccard similarity score.

Algorithms & Data StructuresProduct Analytics & Metrics
Author's notes

The math is simple enough: intersection over union.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clearly defining Jaccard similarity as the size of the intersection divided by the size of the union of the two sets. Then write a concise Python function using set operations, and discuss edge cases like empty lists and duplicates. Finally, explain how this metric applies to product analytics at Shopify, such as comparing customer behavior or product assortments.

Pro tip: Mention that converting lists to sets handles duplicates and makes the operation O(n) on average, but note that if duplicates matter (e.g., repeated events), you might need a multiset approach. Also, proactively discuss how you'd handle empty sets to avoid division by zero.

1. Clarify the definition and assumptions

State that Jaccard similarity is |A ∩ B| / |A ∪ B| and confirm whether the lists should be treated as sets (ignoring duplicates and order). Ask if empty lists are possible and how to handle them.

2. Outline the algorithm

Explain that you'll convert both lists to sets, compute the intersection and union sizes, and then divide. Mention that this is efficient (O(n) average time) and simple.

3. Write the Python function

Implement the function with clear variable names, handling the edge case where the union is empty (return 0 or 1 depending on convention). Use set operations for readability and performance.

4. Test with examples

Walk through a few test cases: identical lists (score 1), disjoint lists (score 0), partially overlapping lists, and empty lists. Verify the outputs.

5. Connect to business context

Relate the metric to Shopify use cases, such as measuring similarity between customer purchase histories, product recommendations, or A/B test group overlaps.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of Jaccard similarity: intersection over union of sets.
  • Set conversion to handle duplicates and improve efficiency.
  • Edge case handling: empty lists (division by zero) and identical lists.
  • Time and space complexity: O(n) average time, O(n) space for sets.
  • Potential need for multiset (bag) Jaccard if duplicates are meaningful.
  • Application to product analytics: e.g., comparing customer segments, product assortments, or search queries.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.