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Voleon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Voleon software engineer interview with a geometry/grid problem that started simple and got complicated fast. Two parts: first no blockers, then rocks that block queen attacks. Classic escalation structure.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given a set of queen positions on an unbounded 2D integer grid and a list of query points, for each query point return how many queens can attack it. A queen attacks along all 8 directions (row, column, two diagonals), with no blockers.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Part 1 felt manageable.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Recognize that a queen attacks a point if they share the same row, column, or diagonal. Precompute hash maps (or sorted lists) for each row, column, and diagonal (both main and anti) that store the count of queens on that line. For each query, sum the counts from the four lines that pass through the query point, but subtract 3 times the number of queens exactly at the query point to avoid overcounting (since a queen at the query point is counted in all four lines).

Pro tip: Clarify whether queens can occupy the same position as a query point and whether multiple queens can share the same position; this affects the counting logic. Also, mention that using hash maps gives O(1) per query after O(N) preprocessing, which is optimal for large inputs.

1. Identify attack conditions

A queen attacks a point if they share the same row, column, or either diagonal. So for a query (x, y), we need to count queens on row y, column x, diagonal y - x, and anti-diagonal y + x.

2. Preprocess queen positions

Create four hash maps: one for rows, one for columns, one for main diagonals (key = y - x), and one for anti-diagonals (key = y + x). Each map stores the count of queens on that line.

3. Handle query efficiently

For each query (x, y), look up the counts in the four maps using the appropriate keys and sum them. This gives the total number of attacks, but queens at the query point are counted four times.

4. Adjust for overcounting

If there are queens exactly at (x, y), they are included in all four line counts. Subtract 3 times the number of queens at (x, y) to count them only once. If no queen is at the query point, no adjustment is needed.

5. Analyze complexity

Preprocessing takes O(N) time and space, where N is the number of queens. Each query takes O(1) time. This is optimal for large numbers of queries.

Key Points to Mention

  • Queens attack along rows, columns, and both diagonals (y - x and y + x).
  • Use hash maps to store counts per line for O(1) lookups.
  • For each query, sum counts from the four lines, then subtract 3 times the count of queens at the query point to avoid overcounting.
  • Time complexity: O(N) preprocessing, O(1) per query; space complexity: O(N).
  • Edge cases: multiple queens at the same position, query point with a queen, and large coordinate values (use 64-bit integers if needed).
  • Alternative: if queens are given as a set, we can store positions in a hash set to quickly check if a queen is at the query point.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Now add rocks to the grid. A queen can only attack a query point if there is no rock strictly between the queen and the point along their shared line. Return the same attack counts with this blocking constraint.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This is where I started sweating.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Extend the previous solution by incorporating rocks as obstacles that block attacks. For each queen, scan in all 8 directions and stop when encountering a rock or the query point; only count the query if it is the first non-rock cell in that direction. Preprocess rock positions into a hash set for O(1) lookup, and handle each query in O(1) by checking the 8 directions from the query's perspective.

Pro tip: Clarify whether rocks are static or can be added/removed; if static, preprocess a nearest-obstacle map for each queen to answer queries in O(1) instead of scanning. Also, consider edge cases like multiple rocks in a line and the query point itself being a rock.

1. Clarify problem constraints

Ask about grid size, number of queens, rocks, and queries, and whether rocks are static or dynamic. This determines whether preprocessing is worthwhile.

2. Model blocking with rocks

Represent rocks in a hash set for O(1) membership checks. For each queen, the attack in a direction stops at the first rock or the query point.

3. Design query algorithm

For each query, check the 8 directions from the query point. In each direction, find the nearest queen and ensure no rock lies strictly between them. Count if valid.

4. Optimize with preprocessing

If many queries, precompute for each queen the nearest rock in each direction, or for each cell the nearest queen in each direction. Use this to answer queries in O(1).

5. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Compare brute-force scanning (O(Q * (N+M))) vs. preprocessing (O(N*M + Q) with O(N*M) memory). Discuss time-space trade-offs and choose based on constraints.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash set for O(1) rock lookup.
  • Scan in 8 directions from the query point, stopping at rocks.
  • Preprocess nearest obstacles/queens to answer queries in O(1).
  • Handle edge cases: query on rock, multiple rocks, queens adjacent to rocks.
  • Time complexity: O(Q * (N+M)) naive, O(N*M + Q) with preprocessing.
  • Space complexity: O(N*M) for precomputed maps, O(R) for rock set.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.