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enigma·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Interviewed at Enigma for a software engineer role and got a search system design question that was more layered than it first looked. The problem built up from basic keyword lookup to autocomplete to anagram matching, and the design choices had to compose cleanly across all three layers.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have a book title search system that supports exact keyword and prefix (autocomplete) lookups. Extend it to handle simple typos by returning all titles that contain a word which is an anagram of the query term.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The anagram part wasn't too bad once I remembered the sorted-character-signature trick.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then propose a solution that integrates anagram indexing with existing exact and prefix search. Discuss data structures, query processing, and trade-offs, and outline how to handle scalability and updates.

Pro tip: Mention that anagrams can be efficiently indexed by sorting the letters of each word to create a canonical key, and that this approach can be extended to support multi-word titles and partial matches. Also, discuss how to combine this with existing indexes to avoid duplication and ensure low-latency lookups.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about expected query volume, latency requirements, update frequency, and whether typos are limited to anagrams or include other errors. Confirm if the anagram match should be case-insensitive and how to handle multi-word queries.

2. Design Anagram Index

Propose building an inverted index where each word is mapped to its sorted-letter signature (e.g., 'listen' -> 'eilnst'), and store a mapping from signature to list of titles containing that word. Consider using a hash map for O(1) lookups.

3. Integrate with Existing Search

Explain how to combine the anagram index with exact and prefix indexes, perhaps by using a unified query processor that checks all indexes and merges results. Discuss how to avoid duplicate results and maintain ranking.

4. Handle Scalability and Updates

Address how to shard the index for large datasets, use caching for frequent queries, and support dynamic updates (insertions/deletions) without significant downtime. Mention trade-offs between memory usage and query speed.

5. Discuss Trade-offs and Alternatives

Compare the anagram index approach with alternatives like using a trie with wildcards or edit-distance automata. Highlight the efficiency of the anagram index for exact anagram matches and its limitations for other typos.

Key Points to Mention

  • Canonical representation of anagrams via sorted letters
  • Inverted index mapping signature to document IDs
  • Integration with existing exact and prefix search indexes
  • Scalability considerations: sharding, caching, and distributed indexing
  • Trade-offs: memory vs. speed, update complexity, and query latency
  • Handling multi-word titles and case insensitivity

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.