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Scale AI·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Scale AI SWE interview with a pretty involved SQL/interval-merging problem. Two-part question covering per-town union of time intervals and then idle-time segments grouped by city hierarchy. Felt like a data engineering screen more than a pure algorithms round.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given a region table with a town-city-state hierarchy and a list of party attendance intervals for each town within a single day, compute the total party hours per town by taking the union of that town's intervals (no double-counting overlaps).

Algorithms & Data StructuresData Modeling
Author's notes

The union-of-intervals part is standard sweep-line stuff, sort by start and merge when the next interval overlaps or touches the current one.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the data model: the region table defines a town-city-state hierarchy, and attendance intervals are given per town for a single day. Then, for each town, sort its intervals by start time and merge overlapping or adjacent intervals to compute the union, summing the durations to get total party hours.

Pro tip: Mention that you would handle edge cases like intervals that touch at endpoints (e.g., [1,2] and [2,3]) and ensure the solution scales by processing towns independently, which allows for parallelization if needed.

1. Clarify data model and assumptions

Confirm the schema: region table with town-city-state hierarchy, and attendance intervals as [start, end] per town. Assume intervals are within a single day and times are in a consistent unit (e.g., hours or minutes).

2. Group intervals by town

Use the region table to map each town to its intervals, ensuring you only consider towns that have attendance data. This may involve a join or grouping operation.

3. Sort and merge intervals per town

For each town, sort intervals by start time. Iterate through them, merging overlapping or adjacent intervals into a single interval representing the union.

4. Compute total hours

Sum the lengths of the merged intervals for each town to get the total party hours. Ensure the unit matches the expected output (e.g., hours).

5. Handle edge cases and validate

Consider empty intervals, intervals that touch at endpoints, and intervals that span the entire day. Validate with small examples to ensure correctness.

Key Points to Mention

  • Interval merging algorithm: sort by start time, then merge if current start <= previous end.
  • Time complexity: O(n log n) per town due to sorting, where n is the number of intervals for that town.
  • Space complexity: O(n) for storing merged intervals, or O(1) extra if done in-place after sorting.
  • Data modeling: the region hierarchy (town-city-state) is used to group intervals by town; no need to aggregate at city or state level unless specified.
  • Edge cases: intervals that are adjacent (e.g., [1,2] and [2,3]) should be merged if they represent continuous attendance; intervals with zero duration; intervals outside the day.
  • Scalability: process each town independently, enabling parallelization or distributed processing if the dataset is large.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Using the same party intervals, compute the idle (not-at-party) time segments for each town within the full day window, then group those idle segments by city. Return city_id, town_id, idle_start, and idle_end.

Algorithms & Data StructuresData ModelingSystem Design
Author's notes

Once you have the merged party intervals per town, the idle segments are just the gaps between them plus the leading and trailing gaps against the day boundaries.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the schema and assumptions: party intervals are per town, and the full day window is from 00:00 to 24:00. For each town, compute the complement of the union of party intervals within the day window to get idle segments, then join with the city mapping and group by city, ordering by city_id, town_id, and idle_start.

Pro tip: Mention handling edge cases like overlapping party intervals, intervals that extend beyond the day window, and towns with no parties (idle all day). Also, discuss efficient algorithms (e.g., sorting and merging) and the importance of deterministic ordering in the output.

1. Clarify requirements and assumptions

Confirm the schema: tables for towns (with city_id), party intervals (town_id, start, end). Define the full day window (e.g., 00:00 to 24:00) and whether intervals are inclusive/exclusive. Ask about expected output ordering and handling of edge cases.

2. Preprocess party intervals per town

For each town, collect all party intervals, clip them to the day window, and merge overlapping or adjacent intervals to get a set of disjoint busy periods.

3. Compute idle segments per town

Given the merged busy periods, compute the complement within the day window: idle segments are the gaps between busy periods, including before the first and after the last. Handle the case of no busy periods (idle all day).

4. Group idle segments by city

Join the idle segments with the town-to-city mapping, then group by city_id. Within each city, order by town_id and idle_start. Return city_id, town_id, idle_start, idle_end.

5. Validate and discuss complexity

Check edge cases (e.g., town with no parties, intervals spanning midnight). Analyze time complexity: O(N log N) due to sorting intervals per town, where N is total intervals. Discuss potential optimizations if needed.

Key Points to Mention

  • Schema and assumptions: town table with city_id, party intervals table with town_id, start, end; full day window definition.
  • Merging overlapping intervals: sort by start time, then iterate and merge if next.start <= current.end.
  • Computing complement: idle segments are gaps between merged busy intervals, including boundaries.
  • Handling edge cases: no party intervals (idle all day), intervals outside day window, zero-length intervals.
  • Grouping and ordering: group by city_id, then order by town_id and idle_start for deterministic output.
  • Algorithm efficiency: O(N log N) time due to sorting, O(N) space; discuss if streaming or incremental approach is possible.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.