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Gusto·Data Scientist·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026Remote

Summary

SQL screen for a Data Scientist role at Gusto, working with payroll-flavored data. One question, pretty focused, felt like a real-world task more than a leetcode puzzle.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an employees table and a payroll transactions table, write a SQL query that calculates each employee's total net pay (gross minus deductions) for Q1 2023, then finds the percentage change in net pay between their two most recent pay periods and filters to only employees whose net pay went down.

Product Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

Two-part question which tripped me up a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Break the problem into two parts: first, calculate each employee's total net pay for Q1 2023 by aggregating payroll transactions; second, use a window function to rank pay periods per employee and compute the percentage change between the two most recent periods, then filter for negative changes. Ensure you handle date filtering correctly and consider employees with fewer than two pay periods.

Pro tip: Clarify the definition of 'net pay' and 'pay period' upfront—at Gusto, pay periods may vary by employee, so confirm whether to use transaction dates or period end dates. Also, mention that you'd validate results by checking edge cases like employees with only one pay period.

1. Understand the tables and define metrics

Identify the relevant columns in the employees and payroll transactions tables, and confirm how net pay is calculated (gross minus deductions). Clarify what constitutes a 'pay period' and how to identify the two most recent ones.

2. Filter and aggregate Q1 2023 net pay

Filter payroll transactions to Q1 2023 (January 1 to March 31) and sum gross and deductions per employee to compute total net pay for the quarter.

3. Rank pay periods and calculate percentage change

Use a window function like ROW_NUMBER() or RANK() partitioned by employee and ordered by pay period date descending to identify the two most recent pay periods. Then compute the percentage change in net pay between them.

4. Filter for negative change and join employee details

Filter to employees whose net pay decreased (percentage change < 0) and join back to the employees table to include relevant employee information.

5. Handle edge cases and validate

Consider employees with fewer than two pay periods (exclude them or handle separately) and ensure date ranges are correctly applied. Validate results with sample data or sanity checks.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of window functions (e.g., ROW_NUMBER, LAG) to compare consecutive pay periods
  • Correct date filtering for Q1 2023 (inclusive of start and end dates)
  • Definition of net pay as gross minus deductions, and aggregation at the employee level
  • Handling of employees with only one pay period (exclude or treat as no change)
  • Calculation of percentage change: ((current - previous) / previous) * 100
  • Importance of indexing or performance considerations when dealing with large transaction tables

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.