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Amazon·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round with a grid-based backtracking problem. Pretty standard stuff if you've seen LC 1219, but the input/output format being stdin/stdout threw me off a bit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an m x n grid of non-negative integers, find the maximum sum of values along any path starting from any cell, where you can move up, down, left, or right and cannot revisit a cell.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Basically LC 1219 with a thin disguise.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify that the problem is NP-hard in general and discuss the constraints to determine if an exact solution is feasible. Then, propose a backtracking/DFS approach with pruning for small grids, or a heuristic like dynamic programming on trees if the grid has special structure. Finally, analyze time complexity and potential optimizations.

Pro tip: Acknowledge the NP-hard nature and discuss trade-offs between exact and approximate solutions; this shows depth and practical judgment, especially for large grids where exact solutions are infeasible.

1. Clarify problem and constraints

Ask about grid size, value ranges, and whether an exact or approximate solution is needed. This determines the algorithmic approach.

2. Identify complexity

Explain that the problem is NP-hard (related to longest path) and cannot be solved optimally in polynomial time for arbitrary grids.

3. Propose exact approach for small grids

Use DFS/backtracking to explore all simple paths, keeping track of visited cells and maximum sum. Apply pruning to reduce search space.

4. Discuss optimizations and special cases

Mention dynamic programming on trees if the grid is a tree, or using bitmask DP for small grids. Also consider heuristics for large grids.

5. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

State time complexity (exponential) and memory usage. Discuss when to use exact vs. approximate methods based on constraints.

Key Points to Mention

  • NP-hardness and relation to longest path problem
  • Backtracking with pruning (e.g., branch and bound)
  • Dynamic programming on trees or bitmask DP for small grids
  • Heuristic or approximation algorithms for large grids
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: all non-negative, zero values, single cell

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.