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enigma·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineering role at Enigma and got a question about keyword search across book titles. Pretty focused on data structures and how you'd actually build something efficient rather than just brute-forcing it.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a list of book titles and a search keyword, return all titles that contain that keyword as a complete word. The match should be case-insensitive and should ignore punctuation.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just loop through every title and do a string search, which works but they clearly wanted something smarter.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and edge cases, then outline a solution that normalizes text by removing punctuation and lowercasing, and uses word-boundary matching (e.g., regex with \b) to find the keyword as a complete word. Discuss efficiency for large lists and potential system design considerations like indexing or caching.

Pro tip: Mention that in production, you'd likely preprocess titles into a normalized token set or use a search index (e.g., Elasticsearch) to avoid O(n) scans per query, showing awareness of scalability beyond the basic algorithm.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about punctuation handling (e.g., hyphens, apostrophes), case sensitivity, and whether the keyword can contain punctuation. Confirm expected input sizes and performance needs.

2. Design normalization strategy

Decide how to strip punctuation and lowercase both titles and keyword. Consider using Unicode-aware regex or a tokenization approach to handle special characters correctly.

3. Implement matching logic

Use word-boundary regex (e.g., \bkeyword\b) or split titles into tokens and check for exact token match. Ensure the keyword is treated as a complete word, not a substring.

4. Analyze complexity and optimize

Discuss time complexity (O(n*m) for naive scan) and propose optimizations like precomputing normalized tokens or using an inverted index for large-scale systems.

5. Test and validate

Walk through test cases: keyword with punctuation, case variations, partial matches (should not match), and empty inputs. Mention unit testing and edge cases.

Key Points to Mention

  • Case-insensitive matching via lowercasing or case-folding
  • Punctuation removal using regex or string translation
  • Word-boundary matching to ensure complete word (e.g., \b in regex)
  • Handling of Unicode and special characters (e.g., accented letters)
  • Time and space complexity trade-offs (O(n) scan vs. preprocessed index)
  • Scalability considerations for large datasets (e.g., inverted index, caching)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.