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Google·Product Manager·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

Google PM interview with a pretty meaty system design / strategy hybrid question about migrating a legacy payroll system. One question, lots of surface area, and I definitely underestimated how deep they wanted me to go on the compliance angle.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Walk me through how you would design a data migration plan to move a legacy payroll system onto a new platform, covering migration phases, data mapping and validation, risk mitigation, rollback strategies, cut-over timing, and stakeholder communication.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsCross-functional Alignment
Author's notes

I started with phased vs big-bang and felt pretty confident there, landed on phased with a parallel run period which they seemed to like.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Structure your answer around a phased migration lifecycle: discovery and planning, design and mapping, build and testing, cut-over, and post-migration support. Emphasize data integrity, risk mitigation, and stakeholder alignment at each phase, and tie decisions back to business outcomes like payroll accuracy and compliance.

Pro tip: Show that you understand payroll is a high-stakes, compliance-heavy domain by prioritizing parallel runs and reconciliation over speed. Mention that you'd define a 'no-go' criteria for cut-over and get explicit sign-off from Finance, HR, and Legal before proceeding.

1. Discovery & Migration Strategy

Assess the legacy system's data model, volume, quality, and dependencies; define migration scope, success criteria, and a phased approach (e.g., pilot then full rollout). Align with stakeholders on timeline, budget, and compliance requirements.

2. Data Mapping & Validation Design

Create a detailed field-to-field mapping between legacy and new schemas, including transformations and default values. Define validation rules (e.g., checksums, record counts, business logic checks) and plan for data cleansing and enrichment.

3. Build, Test & Iterate

Develop migration scripts and ETL pipelines, then run multiple test migrations in a staging environment. Perform parallel payroll runs to compare outputs and reconcile discrepancies before go-live.

4. Cut-over & Rollback Planning

Choose a low-risk cut-over window (e.g., after a pay cycle) and execute a detailed runbook. Define rollback triggers, a tested rollback procedure, and a communication plan for contingencies.

5. Post-Migration Support & Communication

Monitor system performance and data integrity post-cut-over, provide hypercare support, and gather feedback. Communicate progress, risks, and outcomes regularly to all stakeholders through a RACI matrix and status reports.

Key Points to Mention

  • Phased migration approach with a pilot for a subset of employees before full rollout
  • Data mapping and transformation rules, including handling of historical data and edge cases
  • Validation techniques: record counts, checksums, parallel payroll runs, and reconciliation reports
  • Risk mitigation: data backups, fallback to legacy system, and clear rollback triggers
  • Cut-over timing aligned with payroll cycles to minimize disruption (e.g., after payday)
  • Stakeholder communication plan: regular updates, RACI, and sign-off gates from Finance, HR, and Legal

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.