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J.P. Morgan·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jul 2026

Summary

System design round at J.P. Morgan for a software engineer role. One meaty question about improving an existing e-commerce cart, no fluff, just architecture talk for the whole session.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an existing shopping cart system that already handles adding/removing items and viewing the cart, how would you redesign it to reduce latency on common operations and notify users in near real-time when an item goes out of stock?

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

This took me a minute to orient because they explicitly said don't rewrite it, just improve it.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the current architecture and requirements, then propose a redesign that separates read and write paths, introduces caching and asynchronous processing, and uses event-driven notifications for out-of-stock alerts. Focus on trade-offs between consistency, latency, and complexity, and explain how each change addresses the specific goals.

Pro tip: Emphasize idempotency and graceful degradation—ensure that under high load or partial failures, the cart remains consistent and users still get timely notifications. Also, mention monitoring and metrics to validate improvements.

1. Clarify Requirements and Current Bottlenecks

Ask questions to understand the expected scale, latency targets, consistency needs, and current pain points. Identify which operations are most frequent and where latency likely originates.

2. Propose High-Level Architecture Changes

Suggest separating read and write models (CQRS), adding a cache (e.g., Redis) for cart reads, and using a message queue for asynchronous inventory checks and notifications.

3. Detail Data Flow and Consistency

Explain how writes update the database and invalidate/update the cache, and how inventory changes trigger events. Discuss consistency models (e.g., eventual consistency for notifications) and how to handle conflicts.

4. Address Real-Time Notifications

Describe using WebSockets or Server-Sent Events (SSE) to push out-of-stock alerts to users, with a fallback to polling or email if needed. Ensure notifications are reliable and not duplicated.

5. Discuss Trade-offs and Operational Concerns

Cover trade-offs like increased complexity, potential stale reads, and cost. Mention monitoring, alerting, and gradual rollout to mitigate risks.

Key Points to Mention

  • Caching strategies (e.g., Redis) for cart reads with appropriate invalidation
  • CQRS and event sourcing for separating read/write workloads
  • Message queues (e.g., Kafka, RabbitMQ) for asynchronous inventory checks and notifications
  • WebSockets or SSE for real-time user notifications
  • Idempotency and exactly-once processing to avoid duplicate alerts
  • Trade-offs between consistency, latency, and system complexity

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.