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Zoox·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

SQL-heavy technical screen for a data engineer role at Zoox. Three questions, all on the same transaction/vendor schema, escalating from a basic ranking query to anomaly detection. Nothing behavioral, just SQL the whole time.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

Given a transactions table and a vendors table, find the top 3 vendors by total net revenue (purchases minus refunds) over the past two years.

Data ModelingProduct Analytics & Metrics
Author's notes

Pretty standard warm-up.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the schema and definitions (e.g., how refunds are represented, date range) before writing SQL. Then compute net revenue per vendor by aggregating purchases and refunds separately, joining to vendors, filtering to the last two years, and ranking to get the top 3. Finally, discuss edge cases and validation.

Pro tip: Always confirm whether 'net revenue' should be calculated per transaction or as a sum of purchases minus sum of refunds; the latter is more common but can yield different results if refunds are not linked to specific purchases. Also, consider using a CTE for readability and to avoid repeating the date filter.

1. Clarify requirements and schema

Ask about the table structures, how refunds are recorded (e.g., negative amounts, separate rows, or a transaction type column), and the exact definition of 'past two years' (e.g., relative to current date or a fixed period).

2. Compute net revenue per vendor

Write a query that aggregates purchases and refunds separately (or uses conditional aggregation) to calculate total net revenue for each vendor, ensuring proper handling of refunds (e.g., subtracting them).

3. Filter by date range

Apply a date filter to include only transactions from the last two years, using appropriate date functions and considering time zones if relevant.

4. Rank and select top 3

Order vendors by net revenue descending and limit to the top 3, using either LIMIT or a window function like RANK() if ties need special handling.

5. Validate and discuss edge cases

Mention potential issues such as vendors with no transactions, refunds without matching purchases, or currency conversion, and suggest ways to validate results (e.g., sanity checks).

Key Points to Mention

  • Schema assumptions: transactions table likely has vendor_id, amount, transaction_type (purchase/refund), and date; vendors table has vendor_id and name.
  • Net revenue calculation: sum of purchases minus sum of refunds, possibly using CASE WHEN or separate subqueries.
  • Date filtering: use DATE_SUB or INTERVAL to get the last two years, and clarify if it's rolling or calendar years.
  • Handling refunds: ensure refunds are subtracted correctly, and consider if refunds can occur without a corresponding purchase.
  • Ranking: use ORDER BY net_revenue DESC LIMIT 3, or RANK() OVER (ORDER BY net_revenue DESC) to handle ties.
  • Performance: consider indexing on date and vendor_id, and using CTEs for readability.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

For each state and city combination, find the top 3 vendors by total net revenue over the past two years.

Data ModelingAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This is where I slipped up a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the schema and definitions (e.g., net revenue, time range, ties) first, then outline a SQL solution using filtering, aggregation, and window functions (ROW_NUMBER) to rank vendors per state-city group. Discuss performance considerations like indexing and partitioning for large datasets.

Pro tip: Mention how you'd handle ties in revenue (e.g., using RANK vs. ROW_NUMBER) and the importance of confirming whether 'top 3' should include ties or exactly three vendors.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about the schema, definition of net revenue, the exact two-year period, and how to handle ties or missing data.

2. Filter and Aggregate

Filter transactions to the last two years, then group by state, city, and vendor to compute total net revenue.

3. Rank Vendors

Use a window function like ROW_NUMBER() or RANK() partitioned by state and city, ordered by total net revenue descending.

4. Select Top 3

Filter the ranked results to keep only rows where the rank is 3 or less, ensuring the top 3 vendors per group.

5. Optimize and Validate

Discuss indexing, partitioning, and query plan analysis; validate results with edge cases like ties or sparse data.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK) for top-N per group
  • Correct filtering for the past two years (e.g., date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE, INTERVAL 2 YEAR))
  • Definition of net revenue (e.g., revenue minus refunds/discounts)
  • Handling ties: RANK vs. ROW_NUMBER and business implications
  • Performance considerations: indexing on (state, city, vendor, date), partitioning, and avoiding full table scans
  • Edge cases: vendors with no revenue, null values, and time zone considerations

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Propose several data quality and anomaly checks for this transaction dataset, then write SQL queries to detect each issue. Think about things like invalid refund references, mismatched refund amounts, duplicate transaction IDs, vendors not in the vendor table, and unusual spikes in volume or amount.

Root Cause AnalysisData ModelingTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This was the most interesting part and also where I spent the most time.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by categorizing data quality checks into referential integrity, uniqueness, consistency, and statistical anomalies. For each category, propose specific checks and write clear SQL queries that detect violations, using joins, aggregations, and window functions. Prioritize checks that address the explicitly mentioned issues and explain the rationale behind each.

Pro tip: Mention that anomaly detection thresholds (e.g., for volume spikes) should be configurable and ideally based on historical baselines, not hardcoded, to adapt to seasonality and business changes.

1. Identify and categorize data quality dimensions

Break down the problem into referential integrity (e.g., vendor existence), uniqueness (e.g., duplicate transaction IDs), consistency (e.g., refund amount matching original), and statistical anomalies (e.g., volume/amount spikes).

2. Propose specific checks for each dimension

For each category, list concrete checks: invalid refund references, mismatched refund amounts, duplicate transaction IDs, vendors not in vendor table, and unusual spikes in volume or amount.

3. Write SQL queries to detect each issue

Craft SQL queries using appropriate techniques: LEFT JOIN for referential integrity, GROUP BY/HAVING for duplicates, self-joins for refund consistency, and window functions or subqueries for anomaly detection.

4. Explain the queries and expected results

Walk through each query, clarifying what it detects and how to interpret the output, including any assumptions about the schema.

5. Discuss trade-offs and scalability

Address performance considerations (e.g., indexing, partitioning) and how to handle large datasets, as well as potential false positives in anomaly detection.

Key Points to Mention

  • Referential integrity: use LEFT JOIN or NOT EXISTS to find vendors not in the vendor table.
  • Uniqueness: use GROUP BY transaction_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 to detect duplicates.
  • Consistency: self-join refunds to original transactions to check amount mismatches and invalid references.
  • Anomaly detection: use window functions like LAG/LEAD or statistical methods (e.g., z-score) to identify spikes.
  • Performance: mention indexing on join keys and partitioning for large datasets.
  • Configurability: suggest parameterizing thresholds for anomaly checks to adapt to business context.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.