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Amazon·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE system design round, one question the whole time: design an AirTag-style tracking system. Pretty open-ended and I felt like I was guessing at what depth they wanted.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a location tracking system similar to Apple AirTag, covering device communication, location updates, and the backend infrastructure.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

I started with the hardware-to-cloud pipeline which felt right, but I kept second-guessing whether they wanted me to go deep on the Bluetooth mesh piece or just treat devices as black boxes.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and scale (e.g., number of devices, update frequency, accuracy). Then design the end-to-end flow: device-to-phone communication, crowd-sourced location reporting, and backend services for storage and query. Finally, discuss trade-offs around privacy, battery life, and consistency.

Pro tip: Emphasize privacy and battery constraints early, as they drive architectural decisions like using Bluetooth Low Energy and end-to-end encryption. Show awareness of Amazon's scale by discussing partitioning and fault tolerance.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about scale (millions of devices), update frequency, accuracy needs, battery life, and privacy requirements. Define functional and non-functional requirements.

2. High-Level Architecture

Outline the main components: AirTag-like device, finder devices (phones), backend services, and user apps. Describe the crowd-sourced network and communication protocols (BLE, UWB).

3. Device Communication and Location Updates

Explain how the tag broadcasts BLE signals, how finder devices detect and report location anonymously, and how the backend processes and stores these updates.

4. Backend Infrastructure and Data Flow

Design the backend for ingesting location reports, storing them (e.g., in a time-series or geospatial database), and serving queries to the owner. Discuss partitioning, replication, and consistency.

5. Trade-offs and Optimizations

Discuss trade-offs: privacy vs. utility, battery vs. update frequency, consistency vs. availability. Mention optimizations like batching, caching, and edge processing.

Key Points to Mention

  • Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) for device communication and precise location.
  • Crowd-sourced finding network with anonymous, end-to-end encrypted location reports.
  • Backend scalability: partitioning by device ID, using NoSQL or geospatial databases, and handling high write throughput.
  • Privacy mechanisms: rotating identifiers, encryption, and user consent.
  • Battery life optimization: low-power modes, adaptive reporting frequency.
  • Trade-offs: accuracy vs. battery, privacy vs. functionality, consistency vs. latency.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.