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Meta·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026Remote

Summary

Meta software engineering interview with two algorithm problems. Nothing too wild but the second one had a wrinkle I didn't fully think through in time.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

You have two integer arrays D and R of the same length n, where D[i] is the departure cost on day i and R[j] is the return cost on day j. Find indices i and j where i < j that minimize D[i] + R[j]. Return the minimum total cost and the pair of days. Also discuss complexity, correctness, and edge cases like n < 2 or ties.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This one clicked pretty fast.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem and edge cases, then propose an O(n) single-pass solution that tracks the minimum departure cost seen so far and computes the best total for each possible return day. After deriving the algorithm, analyze its time and space complexity, prove correctness, and discuss handling of ties and small n.

Pro tip: Explicitly mention that the problem can be solved in one pass by maintaining the minimum D[i] for i < j, which is a common pattern in optimization problems. Also, proactively discuss how to handle ties (e.g., return the earliest pair) and edge cases like n < 2, showing thoroughness.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about input constraints, expected output format (e.g., return indices or just cost), and how to handle ties or n < 2. Confirm that i and j are 0-indexed or 1-indexed.

2. Design an efficient algorithm

Propose a single-pass O(n) solution: iterate j from 1 to n-1, keep track of the minimum D[i] for i < j, and compute D[i] + R[j] to update the minimum total and best pair.

3. Analyze complexity and correctness

State that time complexity is O(n) and space is O(1). Prove correctness by induction: after processing j, the stored minimum D is correct for all i < j, and the best total is updated correctly.

4. Handle edge cases and ties

If n < 2, return an error or indicate no valid pair. For ties, decide on a rule (e.g., smallest i, then smallest j) and implement accordingly.

5. Test with examples

Walk through a small example (e.g., D=[3,1,4], R=[2,5,1]) to verify the algorithm and edge cases. Mention potential pitfalls like integer overflow if costs are large.

Key Points to Mention

  • Time complexity: O(n) single pass, space O(1).
  • Correctness proof: invariant that minD holds the minimum D[i] for i < current j.
  • Edge case: n < 2, return no valid pair or handle gracefully.
  • Tie-breaking: specify a deterministic rule (e.g., earliest i, then earliest j).
  • Input validation: ensure arrays are non-null and same length.
  • Potential optimization: if multiple queries, precompute prefix minima.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Given an m x n binary grid where 0 is walkable and 1 is blocked, find any valid path from the top-left to the bottom-right cell moving only in four directions. Return the path as a list of coordinates, or indicate if none exists. Explain the algorithm, path reconstruction, and complexity.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

BFS was the obvious move and I called it immediately.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem and edge cases, then explain a BFS approach since it finds the shortest path in an unweighted grid. Detail how to reconstruct the path using a parent map or by storing paths in the queue, and analyze time and space complexity.

Pro tip: Mention that BFS is preferred over DFS because it guarantees the shortest path and avoids deep recursion, but note that DFS uses less memory in some cases. Also, discuss how to handle large grids by using a visited set or modifying the grid in-place.

1. Clarify and Edge Cases

Confirm movement directions, start/end cells, and what to return if no path exists. Check if start or end is blocked, or if grid is empty.

2. Choose Algorithm

Select BFS for shortest path in unweighted grid. Explain why BFS is suitable and mention DFS as an alternative with trade-offs.

3. Path Reconstruction

Describe how to track the path: either store the path in the queue or maintain a parent map/dictionary to backtrack from the end cell.

4. Complexity Analysis

State time complexity O(m*n) since each cell is visited at most once, and space complexity O(m*n) for the queue and visited set/parent map.

5. Test and Optimize

Walk through a small example, consider optimizations like early exit when reaching the end, and discuss memory improvements (e.g., in-place marking).

Key Points to Mention

  • BFS guarantees shortest path in unweighted grid; DFS does not.
  • Use a queue for BFS and a visited set or modify grid to avoid revisiting.
  • Path reconstruction via parent map: store (row, col) -> (prev_row, prev_col) and backtrack from end.
  • Time complexity O(m*n) because each cell is enqueued at most once.
  • Space complexity O(m*n) for queue and visited/parent structures.
  • Edge cases: start or end blocked, no path exists, grid dimensions.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.